Visions of America Essay example -- Landscaping Painting Art Papers

Visions of America The importance of American landscape painting in the nineteenth century extended far beyond the borders of the art world. The nineteenth century in America was a paradoxical time in which great nationalism and â€Å"enormous self-confidence and optimism† merged with growing disunity (Wilmerding 54), and the glow of â€Å"progress† was inextricably tied to the destruction of the majestic landscape that was a source of American identity and pride. Landscape painters at this time were faced with the difficult task of reconciling these conflicting aspects of American culture and identity. Their paintings blend physical descriptions of the American land with cultural descriptions of the American national identity. American landscape painting was founded primarily by European artists like Thomas Birch, Francis Guy, William Groombridge and Joshua Shaw, who came to America to escape the â€Å"background of political turbulence† in Europe that was the result of the Napoleonic Wars (Wilmerding 40). The most famous and influential of this first group of painters was Thomas Cole. Although Cole’s influences included European artists like Turner, Poussin, Claude, and Salvator Rosa, he came to create a style of landscape painting that, despite its indebtedness to artists like these, was distinctly America in flavor. It was he who â€Å"particularly came to articulate a national consciousness through his paintings, which we now recognize as the beginning of America’s first major landscape style† (Wilmerding 40). With Cole, landscape painting took on a stature in America like that which history painting traditionally possessed in Europe. He was able to â€Å"transfer the heroic aims of history painters to the landscape category, where at ... ...g of the Nineteenth Century: Realism, Idealism and the American Experience. New York: Praeger Press, 1969. Novak, Barbara. Nature and Culture: American Landscape and Painting 1825-1875. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. Novak, Barbara, ed. â€Å"On Divers Themes from Nature: A Selection of Texts.† The Natural Paradise: Painting in America 1800-1959. Ed. Kynaston McShine. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1976. 59-105. Rosenblum, Robert. â€Å"The Primal American Scene.† The Natural Paradise: Painting in America 1800-1959. Ed. Kynaston McShine. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1976. 13-37. Wilmerding, John. â€Å"Fire and Ice in American Art: Polarities from Luminism to Abstract Expressionism.† The Natural Paradise: Painting in America 1800-1959. Ed. Kynaston McShine. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1976. 38-56.

FAN UP Market Analysis and Sales Projections Essay

FAN UP is positioned within the Smartphone Applications Industry. Mobile devices with remote internet capability, smart phones, have created an entirely new market of users that can be reached on the go. Due to the recent nature of Smartphone technology, we are witnessing rapid growth and innovation in the smart phone applications industry. FAN UP allows the event host the ability to seamlessly pair a sponsor with individuals coming to the event. By doing so, FAN UP will open the door to endless brand reach through Social Media via the user, additional in- ­Ã¢â‚¬ game/concert advertisement, fan appreciation, and a creative way for each event host to use their event to leverage underutilized sponsorships and promote their brand. Industry Analysis Mobile applications have changed a number of industry landscapes in recent history. This industry shows annual growth projections from 2009- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 2014 to be 49.8% and from 2013- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 2018 to be 28.9%. The evidence of this growth is a reason this app will be successful. Competition in the Smartphone Applications Industry is very strong. Because of this, it is important to analyze the different forces at work within the industry. This chart, information gathered from IBIS World, lays out the industry structure: Life Cycle Stage Growth Revenue Volatility Very high Capital Intensity Low Industry Assistance Low Concentration Level Low Regulation Level Medium Technology Change High Barriers to Entry Low Industry Globalization Low Competition Level High The first key external factor in this industry is the number of mobile internet connections. As the number of smart phone purchases increases with the number of mobile internet connections in 2014, app developers will have a larger market for their products. Secondly, as demand from e- ­Ã¢â‚¬ commerce increases in 2014, retailers have expanded their product lines, the platforms on which they operate, and retailers are expected to create more shopping apps to assist time- ­Ã¢â‚¬ strapped consumers. Next, time spent on leisure and sports represents one of the most key external factors. Time spent on leisure and sports is expected to decrease slowly in 2014, resulting in a potential threat for the industry. While the industry now serves a broad audience, leisure time is a major restrictive factor in a consumers’ ability to use and purchase smart phone app products. The US Census Bureau data re- ­Ã¢â‚¬ iterates more of the same industry trends. â€Å"In 2011, U.S. nonfarm businesses with employees spent a total of $289.9 billion on non- ­Ã¢â‚¬ capitalized and capitalized information and communication technology (ICT) equipment, including computer software. This represents an increase of 10.6% from 2010. Of the $65.2 billi on spent on noncapitalized computer software, $29.9 billion was for purchases and payroll for developing software, an increase of 7.3% from 2010. $35.3 billion was for software licensing and service/maintenance agreements, an increase of $3.9 billion (12.6 percent) from 2010.† Although the growth of mobile apps is on the rise, revenue earned from these apps is expected to increase at a slower rate. Over the next five years, consumers are expected to continue wander away from pay- ­Ã¢â‚¬ to- ­Ã¢â‚¬ download apps, forcing developers to embrace the â€Å"freemium† business model that relies on monetizing free downloads after the fact via in- ­Ã¢â‚¬ app purchases. By 2019, free downloads are expected to account for about 95.5% of total mobile app store downloads. In the five years to 2019, revenue is expected to experience a 28.9% increase, reaching a total of a $34.7 billion smart phone application industry. Market Analysis The market analysis for FAN UP is atypical of most apps. FAN UP will start by focusing on the target market of Sports Franchises in the US and Concert and Event Promotion in the US. FAN UP will serve Gym, Health and Fitness Clubs in the US, Ski and Snowboard Resorts in the US, and Amusement Parks in the US in the secondary market. The sports franchise market in the US is comprised of sports teams or clubs that participate in live professional or semiprofessional sporting events (e.g. baseball, basketball, football, hockey, soccer and other team sports) before a paying audience. This market makes up the first half of the target market. Over the five years to 2013, revenue is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 1.4% to $23.6 billion, and includes a 1.5% increase in 2013 alone. The key external factors for the sports franchise market loosely hold true for the entire scope of the FAN UP market. The external factors include per capita disposable income is expected to increase by 0.8% during 2013, the number of households earning more than $100,000 is expected to increase slowly over 2013, external competition from other sports franchises is expected to increase during 2013 which represents a threat in the industry but not the market, and time spent on leisure and sports is expected to decrease slowly during 2013. Industry revenue is expected to expand 1.5% in 2013. Also, some franchises are opening new or remodeling existing stadiums to attract more consumers. Concert and Event Promotion in the US is the second half of the target market. This market creates, manages and promotes live performances and events, ranging from concerts and theater performances to state fairs and air shows. This industry has an annual growth projection of 2.6% from 2013- ­Ã¢â‚¬ 2018 with 49,825 operating businesses. Federal funding for Creative Arts is the key external factor that deviates from the sports franchises market. Many nonprofit establishments in this industry rely to some extent on federal funding, particularly grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, an independent agency that Congress established in 1965 to support the arts. Federal funding for creative arts is expected to increase slowly during 2013. This market has a history of good performance even when other industries struggle. Except for moderate wavering in 2010, the economic downturn ha s done little to deter Americans from attending live concerts and other entertainment events. Over the five years to 2013, industry revenue has grown at an estimated annualized rate of 1.3% to $23.7 billion, including a 3.5% anticipated increase in 2013. Revenue Model FAN UP will create revenue through brokerage fees, reach bonuses, and advertising. This recurring revenues model will be paid by the host of the event (i.e. Carolina Panthers, Live Nation, etc.) for each event in which FAN UP participates. The app will be free from the App Store because, as shown in the data, consumers are increasingly less likely to pay for an app. The brokerage fees are for the access to the app’s consumer base. The reach bonus is in place because with more reach, the more the host can charge the sponsor of the FAN UP sponsorship package. The FAN UP pricing will be dynamic in that negotiations must take place with each new partner in order to agree upon the percentage of the FAN UP sponsorship that FAN UP will receive. The price of the FAN UP sponsorship package will be a negotiation be tween the event host and the brand. Works Cited: 1. IBIS World 2. US Census Bureau 3. http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/designing- ­Ã¢â‚¬ business- ­Ã¢â‚¬ information- ­Ã¢â‚¬  systems- ­Ã¢â‚¬ apps- ­Ã¢â‚¬ websites- ­Ã¢â‚¬ and- ­Ã¢â‚¬ more/s13- ­Ã¢â‚¬ industry- ­Ã¢â‚¬ analysis- ­Ã¢â‚¬ smartphone - ­Ã¢â‚¬ a.html 4. http://www.softwareengineerinsider.com/articles/smartphone- ­Ã¢â‚¬ app- ­Ã¢â‚¬  development.html#.UvBroChU6xK 5. http://digby.com/mobile- ­Ã¢â‚¬ statistics/

Executive Summary Social Networking Essay

Introduction We are at a time when customer satisfaction is at an all time low, yet it is becoming a more and more difficult to talk to a human for customer service. Many businesses have lost the personal and trust-filled relationship that is so desired by their clients. In order to maintain and grow a loyal customer base, a company can now achieve those real human connections by means of social networking. Individuals from all areas of the company are readily available to meet the diverse needs of its customers, future employees and each other. Social Networking is at the top of today’s technology and is being utilized by many companies. Our business purpose is to share business ideas and opportunities. This has become an effective tool to meet prospective leads, clients, efficient employees and business partners. [i] Social networking is an easy and cost effective way to make profitable business connections with people that you never knew existed. Recommendation ââ€" ª An advantage of Social Networking is to create new ways to communicate and share information about our company. Communication is a key to success in any business, and social networking is the best way to facilitate these successful interactions. ââ€" ª Social Networking ensures that our company is making new and successful connections. We are able to promote our company’s services on a more personal level.[ii] Both our customers and own employees can build a more trusting relationship through the ease of communication of a social network. Analysis Social Networking has always been an effective source of communication. It has become necessary to change they way we pursue our clients and employees. We want to manage more efficiently, hire the most qualified employees and locate potential clients. Our business has to be aware of not only what we communicate, but how we communicate. Society has changed they way we interact with one another. It use to be highly encouraged, by employers, to meet a potential client or future employee while playing golf, having lunch or maybe even dinner. You would provide your sales pitch, hand them a business card and follow back within the next few days to see if they were interested in your business or if you were interested in theirs. This was an approach to maintain a personal relationship and show your future client or future employee how available and interested you are. Social Networking has grown and we need to be aware of the way we connect and communicate. Communication is no longer just reaching a client or future employee. It is reaching millions of business connections that you never knew existed, through technology. Technology has allowed us to create social sites that can be used for networking your business, via the internet. I use to think social sites such as Myspace.com, Facebook.com, and LinkedIn.com were sites for younger people to socialize with their friends. After researching these sites, I found that these sites support much more than socializing amongst friends. It has become one of the most effective ways for businesses to communicate and build relationships with other business people and potential employees. Social networking has provided businesses with the following: business development or sales, raising business capital, professional development, getting job assistance with others in your company, recruiting board members, management of employees and social or personal reasons.[iii] Social Networking can add value to a company externally as well as internally. It can be a very powerful tool and when utilized properly we can learn from others as well as ourselves. There are many companies that have taken the idea of these social sites and utilized them internally. They are using social networking as marketing tool for growing their business. Social Networking is now essential professional competency for employees at all levels. Professionals need to know how to gain visibility and credibility in their target markets and how to build and maintain relationships for long-term growth. They need to develop strategic networking skills and practices to excel. It is the most important tool for intelligence gathering. In a business setting, such as conferences, meetings, and outings, people need to find the latest information on resources, trends and best practices. It is a critical strategy for business development. Employees can create a network of profiles and connect with one another. Enabling connections among employees, the company could easily establish virtual teams, bring new employees up to speed, improve collaboration and increase retention among people who hadn’t felt a strong sense of belonging.[iv] Social Networking is a method for personal retention because it creates feelings of inclusion and helps people from diverse backgrounds feel listened to and valued. Building up a network of diverse people is very helpful for any business. Contacts with different clusters or groups would help your possibility of greater opportunities. A closed group of contacts will not allow you this kind of exposure. Networking can help you with your contact list. This would then help you to expand your sales and social base. [v] It remains the primary technique that people use to find jobs, change careers or land on their feet after a layoff, merger, or reorganization.[vi] Through the company’s social network you can create a word-of-mouth marketing stream that reaches people you would never be able to reach on your own or other means. Experts can provide feedback or validation regarding your current ideas or help to create new ones. You can create an advisory board of business people that are regularly available to you and committed to the growth and success of your business. People are given the opportunity to brainstorm which allows you to get outside of the normal way of thinking and create new and innovative ways to grow your business. People in your social network can connect you with potential employees.[vii] Companies are communicating and connecting using external sites as a tool to check up on employees who are working for them or are a potential candidate. We want to make sure we are ahead of the game, the who’s who if you will. Potential employees seem to be younger and younger. They are not all exploiting the typical Monster.com and CareerBuilder.com to post their resumes or look for jobs anymore. They are developing personal sites with LinkedIn.com and Facebook.com, which are allowing a more personal view of a potential employee or client. More than one in five employers searches social networking sites to screen candidates. There are many areas of concern that can be researched on networking sites including: information about drug and alcohol use, inappropriate photos, poor communication skills, bad-mouthing of former employers or fellow employees, inaccurate qualifications, unprofessional screen names, notes showing links to criminal behavior, and confidential information about past employers. This is a very effective way to help determine whether a candidate should be hired. You want an employee that can show a professional image, solid references and are a well-rounded candidate in terms of their skills, accomplishments and overall fit for the company.[viii] Closing Social Networking is a smart and strategic way to keep our company connected and communicating both internally and externally. Remember the old saying, â€Å"It is not always what you know, but who you know† and social networking has been an effective tool that has allowed us to broaden our personal relationships with our customers, future employees and each other. Social Networking through technology will allow us to grow with endless possibilities. ———————– [i] Raj, N. A. (2008). For Entrepreneurs: Social Marketing Optimization. Retrieved November 1,2008, for Gaebler Ventures Website:http://www.gaebler.com/Importance-of-Business-Networking-for-Entrepreneurs.htm [ii] Raj, N. A. (2008). For Entrepreneurs: Social Marketing Optimization. Retrieved November 1,2008, for Gaebler Ventures Website:http://www.gaebler.com/Importance-of-Business-Networking-for-Entrepreneurs.htm [iii] Darling, D. (2003). The Networking Survival Guide Get the Success You Want by Tapping into the People You Know. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. [iv] Brandel, Mary (2008). The new employee connection: Social networking behind the firewall. Retrieved October 25, 2008, for Computerworld Networking & Internet Website:http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=knowledge_center&articleId=9114560&taxonomyId=1&intsrc=kc_top [v] Sridhar, B.N (2008). The Importance of Networking in Business. Retrieved October 25, 2008, for Ezine@rticles Website: http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Importance-of-Networking-in-Business&id=1525118 [vi] Baber, A. & Waymon, L. (2007). Make Your Contacts Count Networking Know-How for Business and Career Success. New York, New York: Amacom. [vii] Fisher, D. (2001). Professional Networking for Dummies. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc. [viii]Havenstein, H. (2008). One in five employers uses social networks in hiring process. Retrieved October 26, 2008, for Computerworld Networking & Internet Website:http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&taxonomyName=knowledge_center&articleId=9114560&taxonomyId=1&intsrc=kc_top

We Should Stop Wars Essays

We Should Stop Wars Essays We Should Stop Wars Essay We Should Stop Wars Essay We Should Stop Wars Jonathan Granoff – â€Å"Nuclear Weapons, Ethics, Morals and Law† Ron Paul – â€Å"Conscription: The Terrible Price of War† Jonathan Granoff – â€Å"Peaace and Security† War and Terrorism is perhaps one of the hottest topics in the U. S. The debate on whether a mosque should be built two blocks away from ground zero has refreshed people’s memory of the terrorist attack nine years ago. Many people in the U. S. believe that we are in a just war with the terrorists who threat the peace of the world. However, how many classifications can wars be categorized? What kind of war should be permissible? In my opinion, the existence of war is evil and should be limited to the minimum possible level. First, I want to argue about the justice of a â€Å"just war†. A just war means it fits both jus ad bellum (the right to go to war) and jus in bello (the just conduct of war) (Boss, 575). Let me start analyzing from the jus ad bellum. As we know, war involves the use of armed violence between nations or between competing political factions to achieve a political purpose (Boss, 571). A war usually starts when two parties believe different thing. Namely, under many circumstances, both sides in a war believe themselves are just and the other side is evil. Even some countries try to start a war that is â€Å"unjust†, they will create a â€Å"just cause†. The Iraq War is an example. I remember in the movie â€Å"Jarhead† about 1990 Gulf War, there is a scene that the military leaders were showing the troops how just this war is by protecting Kuwait from Iraq’s invade, then a soldier whispered to another saying that this war is just for the oil. After failing to prove that Saddam Hussein possessed weapon, the Iraq War is widely considered as an unjust war based on economic purpose. However, how many times can we prove the just cause of a war? How can we prevent any organization from starting another â€Å"Iraq War† if we allow them to use just war as an excuse? The second ingredient of a just war, jus in bello, is also questionable. One frequently used example of just war is when U. S entering World War II. However, the nuclear bombs dropped on Japan definitely violated the principle of jus in bello that â€Å"noncombatants should not be intentionally targeted (Boss, 576). † Nuclear weapon is viewed as â€Å"the ultimate evil† because it could permanently destroy the ecosystem in a large area. â€Å"Not only are they destructive in magnitude but in horror as well (Granoff, 601). Thus, many people are working at stop using any nuclear weapon. Those efforts currently met two problems. The first problem is the potential threat from the countries that already developed nuclear weapons. As long as a group of people have nuclear weapons, the attempt of some others to develop nuclear weapons will still go o n. The second problem is what kind of weapon is considered â€Å"not a proportional response to the injury being redressed†? Should we allow the predator drone to vaporize people or the biological weapon that could spread diseases? Where is the limitation of the â€Å"humanity† for a war? Is killing one person to protect ten other persons a just behavior? What about killing one person to protect a thousand persons? Loss of lives in wars could hardly be just for any reason. In addition, whether a war in the history is a just war is decided by the winner most of the time. The U. S. Independence War is widely viewed as a Just War. The author Boss said that the behavior of France helping the U. S. is just. I cannot agree with him. At that time, the independence of the 13 colonies was viewed as a violation of fidelity. The assistant from France is just based on its economic consideration. What if a Native American reservation claims for independence now? The winner of a War is usually the â€Å"just† side. And when a group lacks the power to engage in conventional warfare, this group might use politically motivated violence to target noncombatants and create intimidation, which is terrorism (Boss, 572). At this point of view, if an organization to not want to be terrorism, this organization needs to have the military power to directly confront enemy. We always condemn terrorist because of the method they use. What about ourselves? According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Yearbook 2010, the U. S. military spend of the U. S. consists 46. 5% of the whole world’s military spend. Does the U. S. need to maintain the largest military spend in order to secure the â€Å"strongest country† in the world? This is questionable. War has never stopped after World War II. There are still about 1. 6 million people killed every year now (Boss, 572). If we allow one type of war to exist, we will give war makers excuse to create other types of wars. As long as human nature does not change, people will seek for more resources and conflict will exist. We must make every effort to stop war.

Red River Rebellion Essays

Red River Rebellion Essays Red River Rebellion Paper Red River Rebellion Paper Essay Topic: Second Treatise of Government This paper will look at the views of five different authors and their views on the Red River Rebellion. The sources that surround the Red River Rebellion come from people of many different scholarly backgrounds, walks of life and opinions. To really understand an event that happened so long ago it is important to see the way that a variety of different people have viewed the issue. Some differing approaches to this occurrence in 1 869 showing many sides and views of what happened such as the Idea that Riel could not have been behind the rebellion, the Idea that It was In fact Riel who made the Red River Rebellion happen, the involvement of the British in the conflict, blame that may be placed on the Canadian government at the time and the perspective of the MÂ ©its peoples are all very important aspects that must be looked at as one searches for Ideas about the Red River Rebellion. The five sources that have chosen to look at which show in very different lights where the blame should be placed for the Red River Rebellion of 1869 are as follows. Thomas Flagmans Political Theory of the Red River Resistance, written in 1978, G. Ens Prologue to the Red River Resistance: Prenatal Politics and the Triumph of Riel, written in 1994, J. P. Smiths Riel Rebellion of 1869: New Light on British Liberals and the use of Force on the Canadian Frontier, from 1995, J. M. Bunkmates Crisis at Red River: 125 Years Ago Louis Riel Defied Canada also written in 1 995, and finally Donald Paunchs 1988 book The MÂ ©its. In 1978 Thomas Flanagan wrote an article In the Canadian Journal of Political Science, entitled Political Theory of the Red River Resistance: The Declaration of December 8, 1869. This article makes the major point that critical texts such as this declaration must be examined critically from the perspectives of many types of scholars Including the political scholar. The key conclusion that Flanagan draws from the political analysis of The Declaration of December 8, 1869- which is also known as the Declaration of the People of Ruptures Land and the North West is that the billion was not actually Louis Riels work as so many believe it is. Flanagan speaks of Riel and the people of Red River as being Immature and unreasonable; he says that they would have been unable to rebel in such a large way without some intense help and advice. The main source that Flanagan uses is the actual Declaration of December 8, 1869, as this Is what much of his article Is based around. However It is not the only source that he has used to help him draw the conclusions about Riel and the Red River Rebellion which he has discussed. Flanagan also sites A. G. Memories A Critical Theory of the Red River Insurrection, G. F. G Stanley The Birth of Western Canada and John Lockers Second Treatise of Government throughout his article. These sources all seem to do a good Job In backing up the point that Flanagan makes regarding Riels Inability to have been the mastermind behind the Red River Rebellion, however John Lockers 1 OFF second I rattle AT Government, although a g source Tort many Ideas Ana writings, seems not to fit in regarding this specific topic, as it may have more to do with political actions in Europe rather than in the early days of Canada. Flagmans article is written very clearly from a political perspective and from this moms a clear bias. This political theory paper discusses in detail the incapability of Riel and through this argument one may see that Flanagan gives very little credit to the MÂ ©its for the planning of the rebellion which they as a community carried out. This bias is obvious and the language used shows almost a disdain for the MÂ ©its population and portrays them in a very diminutive and incapable light, giving them no credit at all for the thought behind the actions which were taken in 1869. While Flanagan argues that Riel was not the mastermind behind the Red River Rebellion Gerhard J. Ens looks at this event in a very different light in his article Prologue to the Red River Resistance: Pre-lamina Politics and the Triumph of Riel. This article by Ens discusses the early period of the Red River Rebellion/Resistance prior to the occurrence of the barrier being erected at Riviera Sale by Riel and his men preventing the newly appointed Lieutenant Governor from entering the Red River colony. The plight of Riel and the work that he put into this rebellion is discussed by Ens as he speaks of the competition to assume leadership of the MÂ ©its cause in the Red River colony. Riel won the leadership rights Ens tells us as he stressed the rights of French and Catholic people rather than the minimal rights of the Aboriginal community. Ens argues in his article that this leadership competition set the tone for the larger rebellion that was to come. In this sense Ens article and Flagmans article differ, however Ens also says to the reader that Riels attempt to build consensus within the colony was impeded. Ens uses a variety of sources to construct his argument on the Red River Rebellion. The main sources that he cites are The Collected Writings of Lois Riel, Seasonal Papers from Canadas Parliament (House of Commons), Red River Journal by Alexander Begs and interestingly enough, Political Writings on the Red River Rebellion by Thomas Flanagan. The sources that Ens uses to substantiate his argument seem much more effective as many of them are primary sources and give perspectives from the MÂ ©its who were actually a part of the community in which the rebellion occurred. Ens uses the writings of people such as Louis Riel to give a clear picture of what was actually going on and how the MÂ ©its viewed the issue as well as vying the perspective of the Canadian government and looking at documents that came from them to see their point of view and actions in regards to the Red River Rebellion. A very different picture of the Red River Rebellion of 1869 is given by James Patterson Smith in his article entitled Riel Rebellion of 1869: New Light on British Liberals and the use of Force on the Canadian Frontier. Patterson Smith looks at the Red River Rebellion in terms of imperial considerations. His article discusses the British involvement on the Canadian frontier making many valid points regarding this involvement. Patterson Smith focuses mainly on the point that Britains official policy was to withdraw British garrisons from Canada and other self governing colonies at the time, however Canadas commitment to the empire and belief in the value of the empire to Britain in terms of world politics drove Canada to prod Britain into Involvement In Trotter Issues sun as ten Rear Ruler Relation. Nils article, Wendell different from the others in the perspective that it takes seems to be very important in understanding the motives and the forces behind the decision of the British to ploy imperial troops in Manitoba to end the rebellions. While the other articles focus on whom and what was the main force and brains behind the rebellions, Patterson Smith shows the other side, the British side. Patterson Smith like Ens, references the Political Writings on the Red River Rebellion by Thomas Flanagan, he also uses a variety of documents from the Colonial Office Minutes on Young Correspondence and the Colonial Office Confidential Memorandum Regarding Disturbances in the Red River Settlement. All of these sources seem to be extremely beneficial in the writing of this article regarding British involvement as Patterson Smith has gone straight to the source of where and why the British became involved in the conflict by looking at the meetings that were held and the documents which were created. A bias is definitely shown in James Patterson Smiths article, as it is all about the British perspective and discusses how it was the Canadian governments idea to involve the British. This article does not really show the perspective of the MÂ ©its populations involved in the rebellion which may have been useful in showing other reasons for why the Canadian government may have needed the assistance of the British on the Canadian frontier. Bias is inevitable in article such as this however and in this article it seems as if the bias is necessary and very useful in giving the reader a look at the Red River Rebellion from a different viewpoint. So far the Red River Rebellion has been looked at as being thought up and the fault of someone much more intelligent and mature than Louis Riel, as well as by Riel. We have also looked at the perspectives of the British government regarding their involvement in the Red River Rebellion. It is only fitting in this view of whos fault ND the way on which different people were involved and effected to look also at the rebellion as being the fault of the Canadian government. J. M. Bumpiest, a professor of history at SST. Johns College, University of Manitoba writes an article entitled Crisis at Red River: 125 years ago Louis Riel Defied Canada. This article discusses a variety of ideas regarding the Red River Rebellion and how and why it occurred. Bemused argues that the Red River Rebellion was almost inevitable as the MÂ ©its populations, as any other population would do, resisted the takeover of land by Canada surrounding the Red River Community. It was in fact the fault of the Canadian government that the Red River Rebellion began as they were sloppy and unwilling to let the community know what was going on says Bemused. Although the exact sources that Bemused uses to substantiate his claims are not given it can be seen that he uses many sources such as minutes and acts passed by the House of Commons in Canada as well as proclamations made by various people such as Louis Riel and important Acts that were essential during the period of rebellion such as the Manitoba Act. These sources give the paper an overall feeling of Ruth and reliability as Bemused frequently quotes documents and people who were present at the time of the 1869 Red River Rebellion. This article seems very different than the others in the way in which it is written, it is fairly obvious that it is the work of a historian and is a very good contrast to other articles by political theorists, anthropologists, Ana a wee variety AT toner canolas. It Is very Interesting to see ten thoughts of Bemused as a historian and his thoughts seem to encompass those of many other historians. A bias is very clearly presented in Bunkmates article as he blatantly discusses the stakes and stupidity of the Canadian government in not informing the Native populations surrounding Red River about what was happening. Bemused very obviously feels that the rebellions were not the fault of the MÂ ©its populations although they were the ones to begin the violence, but that they were in fact initiated by the natural reaction that the MÂ ©its would have had to what the Canadians were doing about the land surrounding them. The final work that will be looked at in regards to the Red River Rebellion is a book by D. Purist, The MÂ ©its. Throughout this work the lives and customs as well as the story of the MÂ ©its is discussed in great detail. One chapter in particular however deals extensively with the Red River Rebellion. This work does not display an argument regarding the rebellion or an opinion; rather it seems to be an attempt at giving the facts of the events of 1869 from the perspectives of many, not only the government but also the MÂ ©its peoples. Purist uses many different sources in the writing of his book, everything from books and government documents to court decisions and the press. This book is very well written and the extensive list of sources that Purist has drawn upon gives the kook credibility as he looks at various sources from Native peoples or MÂ ©its perspectives as well as those by the Canadian government and other individuals of European descent. This book while giving a seemingly unbiased and factual account of the Red River Rebellion does have an underlying bias as it is written to share the story of the MÂ ©its. For this reason the Canadian government and other people who opposed the MÂ ©its during the time of the Red River Rebellion are looked at in a very different light.

Father Coughlin, the Depressions Radio Priest

Father Coughlin, the Depression's Radio Priest Father Coughlin was a Catholic priest based in the parish of Royal Oak, Michigan, who became a highly controversial political commentator through his extraordinarily popular radio broadcasts in the 1930s. Originally a devoted supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, his radio sermons took a dark turn when he became a bitter critic of Roosevelt and unleashed fierce attacks tinged with anti-Semitism and flirtations with fascism. In the misery of the Great Depression, Coughlin attracted a vast audience of disaffected Americans. He teamed up with Louisiana’s Huey Long to build an organization dedicated to social justice, and Coughlin actively sought to ensure that Roosevelt would not be elected to a second term. His messages eventually became so controversial that he was ordered by the Catholic hierarchy to cease his broadcasting. Silenced, he lived out the last four decades of his life as a parish priest largely forgotten by the public. Fast Facts: Father Coughlin Full Name: Charles Edward CoughlinAlso Known As: The Radio PriestKnown For: Catholic priest whose radio sermons made him one of the most influential people in America before endless controversy led to his downfall and silencing.Born: October 25, 1891 in Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaDied: October 27, 1979 in Bloomfield Hills, MichiganParents: Thomas Coughlin and Amelia MahoneyEducation: St. Michael’s College, University of TorontoFamous Quote: Roosevelt or Ruin! Early Life and Career Charles Coughlin was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, on October 25, 1891. His family had mostly lived in the United States, but had crossed the border before his birth when his father found work in Canada. Coughlin grew up as the only surviving child in his family and became a very good student, attending Catholic schools in Hamilton followed by St. Michael’s College at the University of Toronto. He graduated in 1911 with a Ph.D., having studied philosophy and English. After a year touring Europe, he returned to Canada and decided to enter the seminary and become a priest. Coughlin was ordained in 1916, at the age of 25. He taught at a Catholic school in Windsor until 1923, when he moved across the river to the United States and became a parish priest in a Detroit suburb. (Original Caption) Detroit: Owners And Founder Of Social Justice. Father Charles E. Coughlin, left, says ownership of the weekly Social Justice has for two years been in hands of his mother and father, Mrs. Amelia Couhglin and Thomas J. Coughlin, right. Despite Coughlins protests, Social Justice was denied second class mail privilege. A gifted public speaker, Coughlin boosted church attendance when he would deliver sermons. In 1926, the popular priest was assigned to a new parish, The Shrine of the Little Flower. The new parish was struggling. In an effort to increase attendance at mass, Coughlin asked a fellow Catholic who ran a local radio station if he could broadcast a weekly sermon. Coughlin’s new radio program, called The Golden Hour of the Little Flower, began airing in October 1926. His broadcasts immediately became popular in the Detroit area, and within three years, Coughlin’s sermons were also being broadcast on stations in Chicago and Cincinnati. In 1930 the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) began putting Coughlin’s program on the air every Sunday night. He soon had an enthusiastic audience of 30 million listeners. Turn to Controversy In his early broadcasting career, Coughlin’s sermons were not controversial. His appeal was that he seemed to be a stereotypical Irish-American priest, delivering an uplifting message with a dramatic voice perfectly suited for the radio. As the Great Depression intensified and auto workers in Coughlin’s home area began to lose their jobs, his message changed. He began to denounce the administration of Herbert Hoover, which eventually caused CBS to stop carrying his program. Undaunted, Coughlin found other stations to carry his sermons. And when Franklin Roosevelt’s campaign gained momentum in 1932, Coughlin joined as an ardent supporter. Roosevelt or Ruin In his weekly sermons Coughlin promoted Roosevelt, and to encourage voters he coined the slogan Roosevelt or Ruin. In 1932, Coughlin’s program was a sensation, and he was said to be receiving many thousands of letters a week. Donations to his parish poured in, and he built a lavish new church from which he could broadcast to the nation. Father Charles Coughlin delivers a radio speech, 1930s. Fotosearch / Getty Images After Roosevelt won the election of 1932, Coughlin vigorously supported the New Deal, telling his listeners the New Deal was Christ’s deal. The radio priest, who had met Roosevelt during the 1932 campaign, began to consider himself a policy adviser to the new administration. Roosevelt, however, had become very wary of Coughlin, as the priest’s economic ideas were venturing far outside the mainstream. In 1934, feeling spurned by Roosevelt, Coughlin began to denounce him on the radio. He also found an unlikely ally, Senator Huey Long of Louisiana, who had also gained a large following through radio appearances. Coughlin formed an organization, the National Union for Social Justice, which was dedicated to fighting communism and advocated for government control of banks and corporations. As Coughlin devoted himself to defeating Roosevelt in the election of 1936, he transformed his National Union into a political party. The plan had been to nominate Huey Long to run against Roosevelt, but the assassination of Long in September 1935 scuttled that. A virtually unknown candidate, a congressman from North Dakota, ran in Long’s place. The Union Party had virtually no impact on the election, and Roosevelt won a second term. After 1936, Coughlin’s power and popularity declined. His ideas became more eccentric, and his sermons had evolved into rants. He was even quoted as saying he preferred fascism. In the late 1930s, followers of the German-American Bund cheered his name at their rallies. Coughlins tirades against international bankers played upon familiar anti-Semitic taunts, and he openly attacked Jews in his broadcasts. Over 26,000 people tuned in to hear the speech given by Reverend Charles E. Coughlin in Cleveland. He spoke of President Roosevelt as the Financial Dictator of the United States and pledged his own organization to establish a central, government bank. Bettmann  /  Contributor As Coughlins tirades became more extreme, radio networks wouldn’t let their stations broadcast his sermons. For periods of time he found himself unable to reach the vast audiences he once attracted. By 1940, Coughlin’s radio career was largely finished. He would still appear on some radio stations, but his bigotry made him toxic. He believed the United States should stay out of World War II, and following the attack on Pearl Harbor the Catholic hierarchy in America formally silenced him. He was forbidden to broadcast on the radio, and told to keep a low profile. A magazine he had been publishing, Social Justice, was banned by the U.S. government from the mails, which essentially put it out of business. Though once one of the most popular figures in America, Coughlin seemed to be quickly forgotten as America turned its attention to World War II. He continued to serve as the parish priest at the Shrine of the Little Flower in Royal Oak, Michigan. In 1966, after 25 years of imposed silence, he held a press conference at which he said he had mellowed and no longer held his controversial ideas from the late 1930s. Coughlin died at his home in suburban Detroit on October 27, 1979, two days after his 88th birthday. Sources: Coker, Jeffrey W. Coughlin, Father Charles E. (1891–1979). St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol. 1, St. James Press, 2013, pp. 724-726. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Roosevelt and/or Ruin. American Decades Primary Sources, edited by Cynthia Rose, vol. 4: 1930-1939, Gale, 2004, pp. 596-599. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Charles Edward Coughlin. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Gale, 2004, pp. 265-266. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Compare and differentiate Maoism and Stalinism Term Paper

Compare and differentiate Maoism and Stalinism - Term Paper Example The peasants and workers formed the revolutionary classes under this belief. Marxism-Leninism is a globally inclined ideology that was of the belief that the communist revolution was inevitable. It further advocated that once the revolution had happened in one country, then others will soon have their own revolutions. Thus, it was the duty of believers of Marxism-Leninism to try to export the revolution. Both Stalin and Mao tried to implement Marxism-Leninism in their countries albeit with some modifications to suit their present situations and personal convictions. The two leaders implemented â€Å"Five Year Plans† in their countries in order to spur development. Stalin’s First Five Year Plan (FFYP) begun early in 1926. His major focus was to transform the Soviet Union from an agrarian economy to a prominent industrial power. He argued that rapid industrialization was critical for the Soviet Union to flourish and survive as a world power. Stalin’s FFYP was prese nted as a Second Revolution and this helped him to mobilize the peasants as they perceived themselves to be in a class war with their previous oppressors (Keefe, 2009). Rather than follow Marxism-Leninism, the FFYP was a revolution from above; not from the masses. Stalin created a highly centralized command economy under the auspices of the State Planning Committee (Gosplan). The communist tenet of equality was disregarded as Stalin gave incentives to Managers and skilled workers. It should be noted that the FFYP put heavy emphasis on the heavy industry as massive resources were put in place to develop the oil and steel industry. Mao’s began implementing his First Five Year Plan (FFYP) in 1953. According to Friedman (2001), Mao’s core goal was to end Chinese dependency on agriculture and transform the country into an industrialized economy. Mao’s plan was very similar to Stalin’s since it also advocated for rapid industrialization so as to make China a wo rld power. The Chinese relied on the assistance of the Russians both economically and technically. Mao reorganized his administration to reduce bureaucracy and increase the country’s labor force. This move was aimed at reducing the chances of derailing progress due to a long chain of command. The peasants were required to diversify from agriculture to industrial work. Although the effectiveness of the First Five Year Plans for both leaders was questionable, they nevertheless went ahead to launch their Second Five Year Plans (SFYP). Stalin implemented his SFYP beginning 1933. This plan utilized the industries built during the previous plan to increase productivity. The Second Five Year Plan gave more attention to consumer goods unlike its predecessor. In retrospect, this plan was much more realistic and achieved considerably better results. After Mao’s FFYP, he implemented a much more audacious policy in the Second Five Year Plan. Mao believed that China would develop m ore rapidly if all resources were used to develop both industry and the agricultural sector concurrently. He utilized the country’s cheap labor to provide services primarily to the grain and steel industry. However, poor workmanship resulted in the failure of the steel production projects. The steel plants were poorly planned and there was scarcity of qualified engineers to oversee the work (Mark, 2001). In order to reign on the agricultural sector, both Stalin and Mao implemented the policy of Collectivization. Under Stalin,