tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-69193140505662374322024-03-08T01:45:12.798-08:00Essay writing service torontocugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.comBlogger164125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-62972113057496644702020-08-26T07:55:00.001-07:002020-08-26T07:55:21.313-07:00Comparison of the Economic Ideas of GDP Growth EssayExamination of the Economic Ideas of GDP Growth - Essay Example 27). The human improvement thought of the UNDP accentuates a few variables like instruction, future, net national pay and different issues that are normalized in the three fundamental factors as a proportion of peopleââ¬â¢s capacity. The thought is that the individuals who have a long life, have accomplished high instruction in a nation that has high gross national salary are probably going to be extremely profitable. This is on the grounds that these individuals will have the option to pick distinctive monetary exercises that can bring pay for their own just as add to the economy of their nation. Then again, it infers that if an individual carries on with a short life, have low instruction accomplishment in a nation that has low gross national pay the person in question is probably going to be useless. This is on the grounds that they will add to next to no profit to the nation wherein they live since they have not very many decisions to make in the pool of monetary exercises acc essible to all individuals. The human advancement thought of the UNDP accentuates the significance of the two assets and capacity to abuse them with the goal that they can build the salary or advantage to the individuals and therefore sway the national economy. Concurring this thought, accessibility of assets without ability to misuse them has no preferred position to the individuals who have them (United Nations Development Program, 2000, p. 12). The neoclassical perspective on utility is a thought that presents an alternate point of view into the clarification of advancement or the financial development of people and thusly that of the nation. The possibility of the neoclassical perspective on utility clarifies that peopleââ¬â¢s inclinations are significant in deciding the things they can do in the economy to build their individual pay and subsequently that of the nation. This implies a...This exposition presents perhaps the best case of hypothetical examination of three most b asic thoughts of monetary researchers on the development and improvement of economy. For the UNDPââ¬â¢s human turn of events, ability is critical to improve monetary development, to the neoclassical perspective on utility, what individuals decide to do is significant and as per the macroeconomic thought of consistent development, the financial presentation of the more extensive economy is key in deciding development in an individual or organization. The UNDP thought of human improvement as a determinant for development of economy clarifies that administration of capacities of the individuals is significant on the grounds that it impacts their association in monetary exercises. Financial development occurs in circumstances where individuals have wide regions for settling on decisions. The neoclassical perspective on utility is a thought that presents an alternate point of view into the clarification of improvement or the financial development of people and thus that of the nation. The possibility of the neoclassical perspective on utility clarifies that peopleââ¬â¢s inclinations are significant in deciding the things they can do in the economy to expand their individual salary and thusly that of the nation. The macroeconomic thought of steady development of GDP is a significant method of clarifying the advancement of a nation or a person. This thought centers around the exhibition of the bigger economy as a factor in deciding the development of people. The financial development in this way isn't reliant on the opportunitiesââ¬â¢ accessibility or an utilities. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-43204324123783195742020-08-22T22:51:00.001-07:002020-08-22T22:51:22.059-07:00Naturalization of Undocumented Immigrant Free EssaysProf. Alexandru November 18, 2013 Communications Immigration Laws Specific Purpose: To convince my crowd to Central Idea: The migration framework should be changed. Presentation l. We will compose a custom paper test on Naturalization of Undocumented Immigrant or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now ââ¬Å"Give us your worn out, your poor, your crouched masses longing to inhale free. â⬠These words are engraved on the Statue of Liberty that was gathered in 1886. The sculpture was intended to be an encouraging sign for all migrants that enter the U. S. Trust in circumstances, a superior life, a superior home. In any case, can we truly state thatââ¬â¢s what they are given? II. A major issue that has been centered around of late by the legislature is Immigration law change. For this discourse I have done research about movement laws and how they influence undocumented outsiders. Sick. An ongoing report led by the Pew Research Center in Washington, D. C. has discovered that there has been an expansion of unapproved settlers in the United States since the finish of downturn in 2009, which implies there significantly more individuals that live in the United States that will be influenced. This can likewise be said that everybody in California can be influenced by these laws since we are a fringe state, which typically get a bigger deluge of foreigners. ââ¬ËV. Today I might want to inform you regarding the difficult issues with present day mmigration laws and convince you to help change them. First I will clarify what movement laws are and their motivations. At that point I will educate you regarding a portion of those laws, and how they influence undocumented foreigners and society. What's more, I will end with why and how you can assist with having any kind of effect. Body (So what are movement laws? ) l. Movement laws were made to control who and what may come into the United States. Agreeing the National Association of Former Border Patrol Officers, this is to secure us in four distinctive significant ways: open wellbeing, general wellbeing, Jobs, and national ecurity. A. Since the time 1960, making laws dependent on open wellbeing, is to guarantee that migrants that might be potential whores, polygamists, sexual veers off, or crooks would not be permitted to cross our outskirts. B. For Public Health, there are laws that forestall infectious maladies pestilences or individuals with possibly perilous mental illnesses. C. To guarantee our Jobs are secure, laws are made to shield movement from discouraging wages excessively. D. What's more, National Security â⬠Foreigners who might hurt the nation can't come here, however the meaning of who psychological militants, for example. Presently letââ¬â¢s discussing some real movement laws) V. Migration laws differ on conditions and we need to recall that each law consistently have exemptions. Each law likewise has blemishes. Presently Iââ¬â¢m going to inform you concerning two laws that I discovered disturbing. A. The Center for Immigration Studies assesses that near 400,000 US residents wed a non-U. S. resident. At the point when a United Statesââ¬â¢ resident gets hitched to an individual from an alternate nation, there is a long procedure that the couple needs to experience to demonstrate their marriage and a lot of petitions should be rounded out to pick up citizenship. A. l . The procedure and examination of the couples were not under any condition disturbing me until I stumbled into an article that broadly expounded on transgender life partners, who not just needed to manage the naturalization procedure yet in addition the procedure indicating their sexual orientation. Step by step instructions to refer to Naturalization of Undocumented Immigrant, Papers cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-74317225412641566522020-08-22T07:29:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:29:16.747-07:00The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi EssayThe Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example .............................................................................................................. 5 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. 6 1. Presentation ............................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Background of the Research Problem ........................................................... 9 1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................ 11 1.3 Aims or Purpose of this Study....................................................................... 12 1.4 Research Objectives ....................................................................................... 12 1.5 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 13 1.6 Significance of the Study ..................................... .......................................... 13 1.7 Rationale for Choosing the Research Topic.................................................. 13 1.8 Research Procedure ...................................................................................... ... ............................ 19 2.1 Conceptual Framework and Research Hypothesis ........................................ 20 2.1.1 Conceptual Framework .................................................................. 20 2.1.2 Research Hypothesis for Further Verification ............................... 22 2.2 Importance of Establishing Strong Brand Equity â⬠¦.....â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 26 2.2.1 Brand Loyalty ................................................................................ 29 2.2.2 Brand Awareness ............................................................................ 34 2.2.3 Brand Association ........................................................................... 36 2.2.4 Perceived Brand Quality ................................................................. 39 2.3 Importance of Effective Pricing Strategy ...................................................... 41 2.4 Significance of Pricing over the Development of Bran d Equity â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...... 46 2.5 Significance of Price Changes on Consumer Behavior ............................... 49 2.6 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................... 53 3. Research Methodology ............................................................................................. 56 3.1 Research Hypothesis ..................................................................................... 3.2 Research Survey Questionnaire Design........................................................ 3.3 Target Population, Sample Size and Research Venue .................................. 3.4 Research Ethics ............................................................................................. 4. Research Findings and Analysis cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-62259376463806073492020-08-21T20:33:00.001-07:002020-08-21T20:33:29.982-07:00Michaelââ¬â¢s Reflective Paper Essay Example for FreeMichaelââ¬â¢s Reflective Paper Essay * Who am I? What beneficial encounters made me who I am today? Was it my family, my social condition where I went to class, the gatherings, or associations that I had a place with, or was it sure life occasions that molded me? * This paper is my endeavor to show that my family and social condition, my background from adolescence to introduce impacted me to be the individual that I am today and who I will be later on. As I think about my life, at the age of forty-nine, I have arrived at the resolution that my family and social condition when growing up, enduring malignancy in my twenties, and getting hitched in my thirties are the primary social impacts and life occasions that have formed who I am today and who I need to become later on. All of these encounters has given me something: figuring out how to be autonomous from family mentalities; managing the condition of vulnerability, which accompanies the illness; obligation of marriage; and the significance to discover the field of skill for viable work. Every one of these experiences can be depicted as building successful associations with individuals and creating self-comprehension on various levels. * To comprehend my family life, and why I feel that their adverse perspectives to me molded me to be a superior individual, I initially need to give you some foundation on my family and me. The foundation of my family explains how significant for me was to be autonomous from this distancing condition. My mom passed on when I was just a year old and my dad raised my more established sibling Kevin and me without anyone else until he met my stepmother. My dad remarried and had my two stepbrothers William and Robert. My dad was an exacting stickler, supremacist, drank a great deal, and filled in as a mechanical engineer at a processing plant. My stepmother was a homemaker as my dad didn't support of her working and felt that she should have been at home dealing with the kids. My stepmother originated from a halfway house, had polio in her left hand. She was likewise a heavy drinker, implying that she was terrible when smashed; furthermore, she was a chain smoker. Kevin was the most seasoned child one and a half years more established than me (and my fatherââ¬â¢s most loved one), I was the center youngster, William was five years more youthful than me and was analyzed at an early age as having extreme consideration shortfall hyperactive confusion (ADHD); Robert was the most youthful. Witt and Mossler (2010) quote the longitudinal research study which has demonstrated that the perspectives of guardians towards youngsters as opposed to the acts of bringing up kids shape our character in adulthood (Ch. 1, p. 11). It is clear that absence of my fatherââ¬â¢s consideration has impacted me a great deal, invigorating me to draw in my parentsââ¬â¢ consideration, for better or in negative ways. The creators likewise weight on the significance of the earth of growing up, both social and physical (Witt Mossler, 2010, Ch. 1, p. 13). We lived in a moderately low working class white network in Beaumont, Texas nearby to my fatherââ¬â¢s sibling and his family. The territory where we lived in was near the edges of Beaumont and was settled back in the forested areas, so the forested areas were our play area. This could make the sentiment of relinquishment, yet it was additionally enabling by one way or another, as I learned by these conditions to depend on myself. Palkovitz, Marks, Appleby, and Holmes (2002) treat the connection among guardians and youngsters as a mind boggling unit comprising of father factors, co parental components, mother factors, kid factors, and relevant elements (p. 8). It is clear that in my family, there was breaking down one might say on all levels. It was fascinating to find that, as per the examination by Palkovitz, Marks, Appleby, and Holmes (2002), my fatherââ¬â¢s mentality was formed by his involvement with sentimental connections and afterward anticipated upon kids (p. 8). I needed to create freedom from this difficult enthusiastic setting. My relationship with my dad made me be non-bigot, restrained, and outgoing, as my dad was a severe drill sergeant, controlling, and supremacist man. He concentrated on my more established sibling and overlooked me except if I accomplished something that infuriated him. His treatment of me made me long for his consideration and to try to satisfy him until I arrived at my high school years and concluded that I would not like to resemble my dad. I opposed his control upon me. He attempted to control what I did after school, how I wore my hair, how I thought, and what I needed to be the point at which I graduated secondary school. I was profoundly terrified of him when I was a kid, and just when I turned into a youthful grown-up did I see that what he was doing to me wasn't right. I fired going to bat for myself. I began looking for consideration outside my family and I found a new line of work after school with the goal that I began winning my own cash. That permitted me to buy my own garments, get my hair style how I needed, and buy my first vehicle that gave me the opportunity to escape from my useless family every day. My first vehicle and gaining my own cash enabled me to separate myself from my family. Nonetheless, later conditions of my life instructed me that individuals can likewise be supporting and confidence isn't sufficient. At the point when I was in my mid twenties working and setting off for college, I created Hodgkinââ¬â¢s ailment that has additionally changed my character. Hodgkinââ¬â¢s is a type of malignant growth that influences the lymphatic framework. Like different types of disease, it is accepted to cause the sentiments of vulnerability, absence of control, uneasiness, disengagement, distress, and â⬠to wrap things up â⬠re-meaning of objectives and jobs (Halldorsdottir Hamrin, 1996, p. 34). On one hand, one feels that he needs to re-characterize his place in the general public; on another hand, individuals care about those with the infection more and help more (in any event they should do as such). I encountered how it was not to have the control upon my life, yet in addition how it was to be thought about by others. Anyway, when one is sick thus clearly subordinate upon the general public, the common inquiry comes: ââ¬Å"Did I do anything incorrectly? What's more, what right? â⬠Often malignant growth is related with smothered displeasure and a longing to satisfy other (or possibly stand out) (Broderick, 1996, p. 14), and this truly could be my case. I should concede that this comprehension joined genuine heart issues. In any case, ailment didn't keep me from bearing obligation in work and family life, just as from the delights of both. I met my better half during my thirties when I was changing my professions from being an expert to a sales rep. Strikingly, analysts these days see proficient advancement of a person as a continuous procedure (not constrained to particular age gathering), the principal phase of which is investigation (Smart Peterson, 1997, p. 59). Along these lines, I was occupied with a sort of ââ¬Å"double explorationâ⬠, looking for new courses in proficient life just as close to home, deliberately or not. What's more, similar to a vocation, marriage is a genuine duty that suggests both happy results and stress together with take a shot at oneself. This moral obligation has transformed me a great deal, encouraging how to address the issues of someone else with whom I have been living step by step for quite a while. I discover the suggestions given by Witt and Mossler (2010, Ch. 3, p. 37) accommodating, however testing some of the time. Individuals are upbeat in marriage when they bolster each other substantially and inwardly, not neglecting to be sure, share sentiments, say thanks to one another, express fondness, and carry out specific responsibilities together. In delayed point of view, my family life and work showed me how to be profitable and understanding involved with individuals and how to keep up security in the changing scene around and in the circumstances when inward clashes emerge. That is the reason in my future, I need to pass on the information that my occupation as a team lead has given to me. Maybe I will begin arranging some instructional meetings. This may likewise assist with extending my skill in the field of deals and fair and square of individual correspondence, as individuals may impart their important experience to me on the trainings. As I think about my life now, from a serious separation, I have inferred that few occasions were the most grounded in making me the individual I am at present. They were my family and social condition in adolescence, enduring malignancy in my twenties, and getting hitched in my thirties. My family life invigorated me to gain living autonomously, disease endurance was fundamental in understanding my own latent capacity and the capacity to help of the individuals around, and marriage has given me the thought of obligation. The dim years and occasions end up being undecided as in they have given me certain experience and comprehension of myself. Those fundamental social impacts and life occasions that I depicted in this paper have formed my current character and my considerations about what's to come. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-31345607365134533832020-08-16T12:02:00.001-07:002020-08-16T12:02:03.089-07:00To RFID or not to RFIDTo RFID or not to RFID So I just happened to come across two articles this week related to MIT, both involving RFID technology (for those who arent that tech savvy (like me), heres the wikipedia article on RFID). One of which is from the San Jose Mercury News Printed Chips Could be Boon for Consumers where they talk about some new technology thats being developed by a company called Kovio, which apparently was founded by MIT alum Colin Bulthaup in 2001, the year he graduated from MIT with a Bachelors and Masters of Engineering in EECS. (Actually, it looks like since then, Colins done way more than that) Pretty amazing stuff. Meanwhile, one of my college friends sent me this article from Technology Review about the 2009 Young (under 35) Innovator of the Year. Its my former GRT! ZOMG! (For those that dont know, GRT stands for Graduate Resident Tutor; theyre basically grad students at MIT who serve as your floor or halls resident advisor.) Hes actually doing some pretty cool work on the security of RFID. You should read the article, because it does a much better job of explaining what he does than I can. Anyways, enjoy. Hope yall are enjoying (at least whats left ofor maybe whats not left of by this point) the summer! cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-36532557096028677092020-06-29T20:15:00.001-07:002020-06-29T20:15:03.399-07:00Personal Essay on Where It Is Better to LivePersonal Essay on Where It Is Better to Live Where Is It Better to Live ââ¬â in the Mountains or Near the Beach? For me there is no dilemma in this question, as from my childhood till now I donââ¬â¢t like vocations spent at seas and donââ¬â¢t really enjoy swimming and sunbathing. And thus, living on the beach is not so tempting for me. Why? I think, I am just bored there and donââ¬â¢t understand those people who are ready to spend hours lying in the sun and doing nothing. For me it seems like a huge waste of time. I am very energetic and active person with lots of interests and what I like to do most is spend my time efficiently, be it studying, or entertainment. There are a couple of things that are appealing for me in sea, but the feeling of wasted time outweighs them without a doubt. The main thing I love in such vocations is walking along the beach, but I would never exchange a trip to mountains for this walking. When I go on vocation to the mountains, I feel great. Not simply great, but complete and absolute great. When I am at the peak, I feel that I am free, strong and satisfied with life. I look at all the beauty and understand how big this world is and how many opportunities there are. Both my body and mind are relaxed and after such trip I am ready to finish all my incomplete tasks and set about new ones. On the whole, I am always excited about going to the mountains and if I were to choose between the two options, I would choose this one. But at the same time, I am really used to living in the city, and Iââ¬â¢d rather go to the mountains on vocations to relax and get prepared for future challenges. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-45628698592698894032020-05-24T05:13:00.001-07:002020-05-24T05:13:03.901-07:00Final Program Plan For Insufficient Sleep Essay - 2131 Words Final Program Plan for Insufficient Sleep in Adults Brandi Davis DNH 226 Danville Community College 12/6/16 ASSESSMENT Public Health Problem Sleep is a very important aspect of daily life. Many people have jobs, school, and family obligations to incorporate into their day. Sometimes sleep gets pushed on the back burner to make room for other activities. Sleep deprivation is a condition describing when a person doesnââ¬â¢t get enough sleep. Although the amount of sleep that people need varies, most people (adults) generally need as much as eight hours of sleep each night to feel well rested and alert throughout the day and evening(Drowsy Driving: Asleep at the Wheel, 2015). According to research by Brown University, Rhode Island, at least 11 percent of students report good sleep. On the other hand, 73 percent of students were found to have sleep problems. At least 30 percent of college women and 18 percent of college men reported that they suffered from (some form of) insomnia over the past 3 months. On an interesting note, another online survey found that many students ââ¬Ëcrashââ¬â¢ on the weekends, sleeping mor e than 8 hours. 72 percent of students were found to sleep 8 to 9 hours on weekends, while 28 percent sleep more than 10 hours on weekends. A larger study pool found a more accurate look into how college students handle sleep. Conducted by the American College Health Association in 2010, the survey gathered as much as 95,712Show MoreRelatedSleep Health : Essential For An Individual s Health And Well Being1418 Words à |à 6 Pages HS315 Leslie Boyle Unit 9: Final Project Professor Ann Dickerson Sleep health is essential for an individualââ¬â¢s health and well-being. Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation is an unmet public health concern. It is estimated that fifty to seventy million Americans chronically suffer from some type of sleep disorder, which in turn, effects daily function and negatively affecting health and longevity (The National Academy of Sciences, 2006). Sleep is increasingly identified as importantRead MoreRespiratory Therapist Opinions on Obtaining a Bachelorââ¬â¢s Degree1722 Words à |à 7 Pagesyes, 36% said no, 26% already have a Bachelors degree, and 4% are currently pursuing/enrolled. When asked if the therapist would consider obtaining a Bachelors degree if certain programs existed (checking all that apply): 29% liked the hybrid program; 16% liked traditional on campus program, 43% liked online program, 12% liked other. Those surveyed were asked to choose an incentive the workplace could provide for them to consider a bachelor-degree. Seven ty-nine percent of those polled chose tuitionRead MoreAnalysis Of Napping Area On Oregon Tech Wilsonville Campus Essay5215 Words à |à 21 Pagessleeping and not having enough sleep at night can affect their health and their performance in class (Chant, 2014). Having a napping area in the Wilsonville campus can be useful space for the student where they can recharge their body and brain with some energy. Not having a nap station make students confuse about whether any place on campus is good for sleeping or not. Implementing a napping area will help students to know where is the best and the safest place to sleep in campus without stressingRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Suicide4465 Words à |à 18 Pagescoordinated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 17 percent of high school students in this survey confessed that they had solemnly considered attempting suicide within the previous twelve months; 14 percent said they had made a plan to commit suicide; 8 percent rep orted having attempted suicide one or more times over that period; and just under 3 percent disclosed that they had made an attempt which led to a treatment by a doctor or nurse. In one study of more than 6,000 adolescentsRead MoreFast Food Restaurants, Childhood Obesity, and Healthy Eating Habits3327 Words à |à 13 Pageswhole-grain product (Friedman). Others disagree with Comeries claim that the toys in childrens meals significantly contribute to childhood obesity. Andrew Rigie, the vice president of the New York State Restaurant Association, challenged Comries plan, stating the need to find more effective ways to combat obesity than by taking toys away from children and choices away from their parents. (Friedman). Rigie said the New York State Restaurant Association looks forward to working with the City CouncilRead MoreEmerging Issues in Procurement2387 Words à |à 10 Pagesassociated with outsourcing include, Cost saving, The lowering of the overall costs services to the business which will involve reducing the scope of defining quality levels, repricing, negotiation and cost restructuring Improving quality: Achieving a sleep change in quality through the contracting out the service with new service level agreements. This is achieved as usually contracted companies want to perform to their best to appease their boss. Increased Flexibility, (adjustment) by focusing on theRead MoreSuccessful and Unsuccessful Entrepreneurs6107 Words à |à 25 Pagessuccessful in many ways, and draws from them observations and lessons on the failings of active education for some students, and the burdens placed on instructors. Experiential learning is not a new concept. Originally derived from apprenticeship programs, experiential learning strives to give students the opportunity to put into practice the theories they learn in the classroom. Proponents are quick to point out that active learning goes beyond memorization and requires students to become engagedRead MorePersonal Financial Planning Assignment 16789 Words à |à 28 Pagesdrives them to. Patty is fascinated with the world of finance and has a mentor from TD that she meets with, Kobe is always on the court shooting hoops, and Gordon is a master chef always playing in the kitchen as well as attending a kidââ¬â¢s culinary program. In addition to taking the kids to their after school activities Maria does all the cooking (with the assistance of Gordon) and cleaning. Daniel is too busy with work to assist with the household duties, plus he is not very good at cooking andRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words à |à 64 Pagesï » ¿ NUR 420 Fall 2013 Final Exam Focus Areas -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Health care for homeless, why is it so costly? They typically have to stay in the hospital for a longer amount of time because they have a lot more co-morbidities that need to be treated. Being brought to the ED is extremely expensive. Critical interventions are very costly, and so are all the diagnostic tests that must be done. They usually donââ¬â¢tRead MoreBehavior Change Tests4668 Words à |à 19 Pagesassessments inclusive of universal examples; the third section will include the antecedent influences that I had, primarily, in the form of advice from my family members, that instigated the development of certain business traits in me; the fourth and final section will include the implications of these tests on my business traits. The paper will then end with a conclusion of further personal analysis on my business. Critical Evaluation GET profile Collaborative It could appear just like an effective cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-42330802243967532672020-05-19T03:33:00.001-07:002020-05-19T03:33:05.028-07:00Literature Review Graduate Recruitment and SelectionLiterature Review: Graduate Recruitment and Selection Recruitment and selection forms the foundation of the core activities and processes underlying human resource management and such activities include the acquisition, training and development, and rewarding performance of workers (Gilmore, and Williams, 2009). The success and sustainability of most organizations is directly proportional to skills and competencies of the employees. Equally, the entry point into any organization is dependent on the effectiveness of the recruitment and selection practices of the hiring team within the organization. In light of this, competition in the UK employment market has increased tremendously over the past few decades. This can be attributed to the inability of the employment market to absorb the growing pool of graduates from institutions of higher learning. According to Mohamed Branine, (2008, p. 497), graduate recruitment is one of the leading and toughest challenges facing the majority of potential employers. Mohamed (2008) argues that the caus es of this phenomenon can be in part due to the complexities associated with the selection of the most qualified individuals and as well, due to the availability of several graduates in different disciplines from Ivy League institutions. To that purpose, the demand for quality graduates will remain highly competitive, the most advantaged recruiters will be those with strong recruitment policies, coupled with exceptional training and development policies. In some instances, financial abilities of potential recruiters will play a substantial role in future graduate recruitment and selection processes. Varied researches and studies have been carried out and written up regarding the aspect of graduate recruitment, the attitudes of graduates, and the attitudes of recruiters with respect to choosing their employers, and as well, the perceptions of graduates towards their formative years in the employment sector. Covered in past researches also includes the influences of management executives on recruiting activities, the strategies and methods used to conduct and communicate information regarding the recruitment process, and reliability and accuracy of the recruiting tools and instruments. Much of this research has, however, concentrated on different aspects within the recruitment and selection process in different organizations across the work. Scope of this Literature Review In setting the context for the research undertaken in this paper, this research limits itself to the discussion of graduate recruitment and selection process in the United Kingdom. It aims to cover the gap that existed in previous researches that have been covered and written up on the field of graduate recruitment and selection process by limiting the aspect of generalizations and concentrating on particular aspects. To that purpose, it will define the concept of graduate recruitment, examine the changes and types in the strategies and methods of graduate recruitment and selection used in UK-based organizations, and identify the reasons behind the variations in the changes and developments. Additionally, this literature review will examine graduate recruitment tools and mechanisms applied in various recruitment processes, and as well, highlight particular aspects that interest employers or recruiters during the graduate recruitment process (Raybould, and Sheedy, 2005). Finally yet i mportant, the literature review will provide a consistent conclusion based on the analysis of the graduate recruitment and selection process in the UK and possibly offer recommendations regarding future researches in general, and the graduate recruitment and selection process in particular. In this literature review, the term ââ¬Ëgraduateââ¬â¢ is used to refer to both undergraduate (bachelorââ¬â¢s degree) and postgraduate (Masterââ¬â¢s degree) holders from recognized institutions of higher learning such as college or university. Therefore, any reference made herein referring to graduates will be referring to applicants holding either an undergraduate degree or a postgraduate degree. Majority of individuals in these categories is prepared to handle the complexities associated with diverse forms of employment and work. Simply put, their institutions equipped them with the requisite knowledge and skills required in the employment market. Graduate Recruitment and Selection Graduate recruitment and selection forms an essential part in the central activities underlying the management of human resources within many organizations. These activities include the acquisition of talent, training and developing the talent, and eventually rewarding the performance of the acquired talent. As such, the recruitment and selection process forms an integral part of the works undertaken by human resource management and other specialists involved in the graduate and recruitment process. According to Mohamed Branine (2008, p. 500) ââ¬Å"graduate recruitment and selection process refers to the process of searching for and obtaining potential job applicants from graduates in sufficient quantity and quality so that potential employers can select the most suitable candidates to fill in their job vacancies (p. 500).â⬠Universally, there is commonly accepted strategy or commonly agreed procedure of recruiting and selecting graduates due to the different recruiting needs a nd selection methods among many employers. The differences and variations in recruiting and selection methods among employers are dependent on the operations, size, and needs (Sackett Lievens, 2008). The graduate recruitment and selection process is structured in such a manner that it involves planned rational activities comprising of particular sequentially linked phases within the employee resourcing process. Graduate recruitment and selection process comprises of two aspects that can be broken down to its constituent parts. Having defined ââ¬Ëgraduateââ¬â¢ to refer to undergraduate and postgraduate degree holders, the terms ââ¬Ërecruitmentââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëselectionââ¬â¢ can be defined as separate constituent parts. ââ¬ËRecruitmentââ¬â¢ entails the process of generating a pool of capable people who qualify to apply for employment positions in certain organizations. On the other hand, ââ¬Ëselectionââ¬â¢ refers to the process of whereby managers and recruiting officials utilize specific instruments to choose particular individuals from a pool of applicants in which a person or persons are more likely to succeed in that particular job position and this is mainly dependent on the goals of management and respective legal requirements. Raybould, and Sheedy, (2005, p. 63) posit that, however the two functions (recruitment and selection) are closely connected, each func tion calls for the application of different sets of skill and expertise, and they are fulfilled different members within the hiring process. As such, the recruitment activity can be outsourced to outside agencies but the selection cannot be outsourced and this explains the reason as to why it is advantageous to treat the two items separately. Speaking of the roles, the recruitment and selection process plays a pivotally important role in any organization as far as shaping the performance and effectiveness is concerned. For instance, if organizations are capable of acquiring workers with the requisite skills, knowledge, and aptitudes, then, it becomes obvious that these organizations are capable of making accurate predictions regarding the future abilities of the selected employees/workers. This premise suggests that following an effective and efficient strategy in recruiting and selecting workers enables organizations to avoid undesirable costs such as high staff turnover costs, poor performance among workers, and dissatisfied customers (Raybould, and Sheedy, 2005). Eventually, it engenders a mutually beneficial employment relationship within the organization and it can be evidenced by increased commitment among the involved workers. To this purpose, the recruitment and selection process forms an integral part in the orga nizational process of leading and managing people and the recruitment and selection process is increasingly important in the strengthening of competitive advantage within that organization. The UK Graduate Recruitment and Selection The objective of this review is to examine and uncover the effectiveness of the recruitment and selection process among UK-based organizations. As noted, graduate recruitment and selection process forms an essential part in the central activities underlying the management of human resources within many organizations (Gilmore, and Williams, 2009). These activities include the acquisition of talent, training and developing the talent, and eventually rewarding the performance of the acquired talent. Mohamed (2008, p. 497), even though the number of individuals entering the higher education market has doubled over the past two decades, many employers still find it difficult to recruit the type of employees that fulfill their hiring needs and requirements. The list of desirable qualities among employers has become sophisticated desirable qualities from job applicants. The Association of Graduate Recruiters reports recruitment and hiring agencies receive thousands of applications from grad uates, but the employers still find it difficult to find the applicants who meet their quality. Could there be a problem with the recruiting and selection process? Do graduate applicants fail to fulfill the hiring needs, qualities, or qualifications? These are examples of questions that need answers in order to understand the reasons as to why employers still find it difficult to get the right candidates for their jobs (Shiona, 2010). Despite the availability of limited vacancies, potential employers have had to cope with increased volumes of job applicants. Mohamed (2008) argues that employers in the UK search for graduates, who are capable of adding value to their economic strength and well, enhance their reputation. Employers often recruit workers whom they can train and develop in order to utilize their skills and knowledge (Roberts, 2005). Nevertheless, what does it take to be a good graduate? What processes do employers use to identify good graduates? Another important revelation of the recruitment and selection process within the UK job industry is the relationship betwe en the employment (graduate) labor market and the higher education sector. While higher education is supposed to nurture and prepare graduates for the job market by enhancing knowledge and learning, it is not their duty to secure employment opportunities for the graduates. This can be attributed to the fact that the higher education market is responsible for preparing graduates to fit the needs of different employment sectors thereby making it difficult to provide training to specific individuals. An exploratory study by Carless (2007) revealed that institutions of higher learning play critical roles in ensuring efficiency and efficacy among graduates. Studies by Silvester, Anderson, Haddleton, Cunningham-snell, and Gibb (2000, p. 16) point out that the graduate recruitment and selection process in the UK has undergone tremendous changes in the recent past and the majority of such changes entail the streamlining of selection procedures to reduce costs. Among the highly adopted strat egies are the use virtual selection methods such video interviews, telephones, and internet means. Traditionally, organizations in the UK recruiting industry found it a lot easier to recruit candidates from the list of job applicants, who accepted any form of job offering (Mohamed, 2008, p. 498). In the contemporary UK job market, thousands of applicants can apply for vacant job positions but it becomes a difficult task to recruit the ideal candidate. This can be attributed to the different trends and developments that have occurred in the recruitment and selection methods. Increased competition among graduate employers, technological advancements, and socio-economic and political changes are other factors that have led to complexities in the recruitment and selection processes. Keenan (2005) postulates that the recruitment and selection process in the UK follows a sequential process referred to as the resourcing cycle. Resourcing cycle of the recruitment and selection process As earlier mentioned, the recruitment and selection process follows some defined sequences characterized by distinct and inter-linked stages. These sequences are referred to as the resourcing cycle of the recruitment and selection process. This cycle begins when graduates identify an available vacancy and ends when the selected candidate lives up to the expectation of the case by performing to the required standards. To graduate, the organization is a prospective employer while to the organization the candidate is evaluated to fill the vacancy (Raybould, and Sheedy, 2005). In order to ensure that best candidates are selected to a particular post, it is forcefully crucial that the recruitment and selection process be handled in a timely and professional manner characterized by effectiveness and efficiency. The first step of the recruitment and selection process entails the announcement of a vacant position within an organization. This move is subject to thorough decision-making by members of the management regarding the strategic impacts within their organization (Tineke, Maddy, 2008). At times, situations exist where a vacant position resulting after an employee leaves are organization is replaced with automated machines. If the decision is made that, the vacant position requires to be filled, job specifications are drawn down to reflect the duties and requirements needed for that job in addition to requisite skills, experiences, and personal attributes. The next step involves the process of attracting candidates in order to produce a large pool of applicants from where the ideal candidate will be selected. Very often this function of the recruitment and selection process are outsourced to recruiting and hiring agencies in order to eliminate the number of unsuitable candidates applyi ng for the vacant position. The third step is the resourcing cycle that entails shortlisting the number of candidates to a manageable level whereby it will be easy to make an employment decision (Tineke Maddy, 2008). The selection process generates an optimum number of job seekers and the majority of applicants are rejected during this stage. Many things happen during this stage because the recruitment tools and strategies are applied during this stage including interviews, face-to-face meetings, and other forms of communicating the selection procedure. Once the recruiting tools and methods have been utilized, recruitment decisions are made and the actual selection is made. Nonetheless, the selection process does not mark the end of the job recruitment and selection exercise because their abilities and capabilities to perform the allotted job to maximum cannot be ascertained. To avoid uncertainties regarding the capabilities of selected individuals, a probationary period is imposed whereby the performance and potential of employees is assessed and evaluated. This period marks the transition period or the post selection phase where the selected employees are inducted and integrated into the organization. This is a critical process because the selected candidates are taught several issues relating to the organization such as the organizational culture, normal routines, and ethical processes within the organization. The final stage under the resourcing cycle is the evaluation of the entire post-selection process and conducting a reflec tion of the lessons learnt from the entire process and as well, suggesting future implications. Statistics of Variations in Recruitment and Selection methods According to survey findings undertaken to determine the causes of variations in recruitment methods used by employers in UK, each year, 91 per cent of employers and potential graduate recruits prefer the internet as the ideal method for large organizations (Mohamed, 2008, p. 504). Closely behind the internet at 89 per cent was the use of career literature such as Prospects, Prospects Today, and GET directory ((Mohamed, 2008, p. 504). Other methods such as milk rounds and career fairs were less popular after the survey findings estimated its popularity at 45 per cent each while recruitment agencies was the least popular at 15 per cent (Mohamed, 2008, p. 504). Similarly, the survey also considered the cause of variations in terms of selection methods used by employers in the UK graduate recruitment and selection industry (Mohamed, 2008, p. 506). From the survey, the use of CVs and Cover letters was mostly preferred by small and medium-sized employers while the use of assessment centers and aptitude tests were less preferred by most employers (Mohamed, 2008, p. 506). Shortlisting of respondents before inviting them for the interview was also revealed as one of the commonly used selection methods (Mohamed, 2008, p. 506). In situations where interviews were conducted, a combination of both single and panel interviews was used with variations in compositions of members in the interviewing panel (Mohamed, 2008, p. 506). Speaking of reasons for the variations in recruiting and selection methods among the graduates, accuracy and relevancy of the selection and recruitment methods seemed to be the overriding factor (Mohamed, 2008, p. 508). To that purpose, employers cited the employer application form as being the most accurate and reliable method for assessing the characteristics and qualities of potential employees (Mohamed, 2008, p. 508). This can be attributed to fact that employer application forms provided high levels of accuracy when gathering information, assessing the companyââ¬â¢s competencies, and as well, in simplification of the selection process (Mohamed, 2008, p. 508). In terms of cost saving, the CV and covering letter provided the highest cost saving levels due to the ease of sending and in providing more information. Equally noteworthy was the use of interviews in gathering crucial but first information about the applicants. The two-interaction, fairness, ability to fill gaps left b y other forms, and the ease of validation were cited as the factors that promoted the use of interviews in the selection process (Mohamed, 2008, p. 508). Types of Graduate Recruitment and Selection Methods Milk Round This recruitment method involves the process of conducting annual recruitment programs during career fairs different institutions of higher learning whereby potential employers and companies converge to give public lectures, presentations, and as well meet and/or interview final year students. This strategy was immensely popular in the UK some two decades ago before the expansion and development of the information age. Additionally, companies advertise and promote the available employment opportunities directly to the participating students. Many a time, the associated companies involved in these milk rounds had periodic graduate trainee programs that were specifically developed and designed to absorb fresh graduates, train them, and provide the requisite exposure to issues relating to the business world. Career services such as university outreach programmes and linkages were responsible for organizing the trade fairs in liaison with particular companies. However, this method slowly lost its popularity due to technological advancements and increased use of the internet. Most companies have created web-based recruitment strategies such as CV databases, job boards, and recruiting agencies. Companies have even gone to an extent of using the internet for job advertising, filling online application forms, and even conducting online tests such aptitude tests (Mohamed, (2008, p.500). Employee Referrals The current employees within the organization can act as a rich source of providing linkages to potential recruits. They might hold vital information about graduates who can match the available position within the organization and such individuals might not be in a position of responding to normal recruitment methods (Shiona, 2010). This can be attributed to the fact that most of such employees might be occupied in other jobs and might not be actively searching for job placements. However, they might be enticed to look for other available employment opportunities if the right opportunity presents itself along the way. Such a strategy can be encouraged by offering bonuses to employees who provide leads through referrals. Recruitment Brochures, Magazines, and Print Media This involves the use of graduate recruitment literature such as GET Directories, and Prospects of the UK because these brochures are direct targets for most graduates. Organizational recruitment brochures are also availed to participants during graduate recruitment fairs. Other forms that are still increasingly used by prospective employers and companies include advertisement in local dailies and newspaper whereby job adverts are placed on the adverts and targets potential applicants due to the increased velocity of their circulation and area of coverage. Advertisements Although it can be related to the above-mentioned forms of job recruitment methods and techniques, advertisements form an ideal method that is increasingly utilized by employers to market their job vacancies and openings. Adverts are often placed on local newspapers, and online platforms. Majority of adverts are found on job websites because job seekers frequently visit such websites. Job Databases This involves maintaining a job filling system or job database for prospective employers using resumes and CVs that have been collected over extended periods. Such CVs and Resumes might have been collected from career fairs, manual deliveries, and as well from the companyââ¬â¢s mail system. Once a job opening avails itself within the organization, the people responsible for recruiting services visit the database and select potential employees from the available list. Employment Agencies Recruiting agencies specialize in the provision of job recruitment initiatives whereby they screen job applicants are subjected to tests relative to the positions they have applied for, based on their skills and qualifications. The costs of utilizing services from the recruiting agency might be high but they offer the best services in terms of selecting the ideal candidates for particular positions (Roberts, 2005). The long-term rewards are often advantageous to the hiring organization. Internal Recruiting This recruitment method is one of the most essential strategies of filling up available vacancies because the current employees within an organization can be suited to fill up positions that have opened up within their organizations. This employee matching strategy reduces the costs associated with other traditional hiring methods. Hiring employees from within enables a company to obtain increased value in terms of employee relation benefits. Equally noteworthy is the idea that hired employees from within often demand lower compensation as compared to hiring employees from external sectors. Lastly, internal recruiting enables companies to decrease their expenditure turnovers through the provision of advancement opportunities for existing employees. Career and Recruitment Fairs Career and recruitment fairs are often ideal places for promoting entry-level jobs for fresh graduates and as well, for those individuals, who are willing to change their jobs. Responsible organs within many universities in conjunction with respective companies organize majority of recruitment and career fairs. Such places are also ideal for enabling potential employers to collect CVs and resumes to be used in future vacancies. Graduate Recruitment mechanism/tools The mechanisms used to select graduates for various positions vary from one recruiter to the other and it depends on the type of job being offered. Commonly used mechanisms and tools include face-to-face interviews, internet, agencies, and tests, among others. Face-to-face Interviews This is the most commonly used recruitment strategy among many employers in the graduate recruitment and selection process within the UK. Job applicants are required to appear before a panel of interviewers whereby general assessment is undertaken. Among the aspects examined during the interview is verification of the originality of documents and testimonials, cross-examining the application to find out the reasons and interests for applying the job, gauging his/her awareness and knowledge concerning matters within the industry. During specific interview sessions, the interviews are technically focused on the examination of particular details regarding the position, job description, and personality traits. The applicant is subjected to a series of questions and tests to determine different capabilities and levels of sustenance for the interviewee (Gill, Banks, 1978). Follow-up questions are often directed to applicants to probe deeply into more details about the applicant including his special skills, points of difference, and qualifications. Recruitment Agencies Recruitment agencies are gaining increased popularity within the UK job industry particularly in the search of graduates and executive talent. This mechanism is one of the most expensive mediums irrespective of whether an organization uses the retainer or the contingency firm. Recruiting agencies specialize in the provision of job recruitment initiatives whereby they screen job applicants and subject them to tests relative to the positions they have applied based on their skills and qualifications. Recruitment agencies are experienced in matching the qualifications of candidates faster than the speed with which other organizations are capable of achieving (Roberts, 2005). Most recruiting agencies have job databases with details of thousands of applicants in addition to having a wider access to potential employees. Similarly, they have greater access to the criteria needed by the hiring companies. Online Application The internet is one of the fastest and cheapest mechanisms of recruiting workers when compared to other traditional methods of recruiting workers. Organizations wishing to recruit workers often post their jobs to internet sites for a modest period where they remain available 24-hours a day. Potential job applicants will be able to view the detailed information about the job opening and position being advertised and send their responses through electronic means. Organizations will be able to screen the applications by assessing the experience of applicants, their skills, and qualifications, and matching them with the skills required in that particular job. Due to advancements in technology, online screening processes and systems are capable of performing automatic filtering of applications send to the receiving mail. This mechanism often enables the organization to filter large volumes of job applications sent to the company. Psychometric Testing This hiring mechanism is often conducted by qualified staff and involves subjecting applicants a wide range of tests. To that purpose, psychometric testing covers varied abilities of applicants include personality profiling, ability testing, and aptitude testing. Such tests often involve two levels-A and B (Sackett, and Lievens, 2008). The first level involves aptitude testing and ability testing whereas the second level B involves personality profiling. Aptitude tests and ability tests covers a wide range of aspects that include mechanical abilities, numerical ability, verbal ability, general intelligence, sensory. and motor abilities. This strategy often allows feedback to be offered to participants. Personality profiling involves testing particular behaviors of applicants by subjecting them to things that might affect their suitability for some posts (Sackett, and Lievens, 2008). Presentations and group exercises Presentations involve giving applicants a particular topic and asking them to deliver a presentation on that topic within a given period. On the other hand, group exercises encompass the division of applicants into particular groups and selecting a role-play or discussion from where every member of the group will be expected to contribute. At the end of the exercise, the group should be in a position of coming up with a meaningful project to enable them to acquire marks. Interests of employers The interests of employers during the graduate recruitment and selection process vary from employer to employer, and depend on the type vacancy. Within these factors are varied aspects such as skills, qualifications, knowledge, experience, organizational capabilities, team spirit, and resilience, among others. To this purpose, graduates should prepare extensively when called for interviews by being committed to the needs and requirements of the recruitment and selection process. Any misunderstanding should be communicated in advance. According to survey findings from Mohamed (2008, p. 508), employers expectations varied depending on the size and nature of operations within the organization (p. 508). Good transferable skills was more preferred to having excellent academic grades. As such, only 21 per cent of respondents argued that the level of degree qualification was more important as compared the degree subject. However, a large percentage (87 per cent) stated that the degree classification was more important than other factors. Summary of the Review The graduate recruitment and selection process in the United Kingdom has undergone various changes over the past few decades and this is likely to bring an impact to future recruitment and selection processes. This can be attributed to the inability of the employment market to absorb the growing pool of graduates from institutions of higher learning. The demand for quality graduates will remain highly competitive, and the most advantaged recruiters will be those with strong recruitment policies, coupled with exceptional training and development policies. Traditionally, organizations in the UK recruiting industry found it a lot easier to recruit candidates from the list of job applicants who accepted any form of job offering (Mohamed, 2008, p. 498). In the contemporary UK job market, thousands of applicants can apply for vacant job positions but it becomes a difficult task to recruit the ideal candidates. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-79584842339242394252020-05-13T07:22:00.001-07:002020-05-13T07:22:02.861-07:00The Layers of a Forest From Floor to Canopy Forests are habitats in which the trees are the dominant form of vegetation. They occur in many regions and climates around the globeââ¬âthe tropical rainforests of the Amazon basin, the temperate forests of eastern North America, and the boreal forests of northern Europe are just a few examples. Species Composition The species composition of a forest is often unique to that forest, with some forests consisting of many hundreds of species of trees while others consist of just a handful of species. Forests are constantly changing and progress through a series of successional stages during which species composition changes within the forest. Thus, making general statements about forest habitats can be difficult. Yet despite the variability of our planets forests, there are some basic structural characteristics that many forests shareââ¬âcharacteristics that can help us to better understand both forests and the animals and wildlife that inhabit them. The Layers of a Forest Mature forests often have several distinct vertical layers. These include: Forest floor layer:à Theà forest floorà is often blanketed with decaying leaves, twigs, fallen trees, animal scat, moss, and other detritus. The forest floor is where recycling occurs, fungi, insects, bacteria, and earthworms are among the many organisms that break down waste materials and ready them for reuse and recycling throughout the forest system.Herb layer:à Theà herb layerà of the forest is dominated by herbaceous (or soft-stemmed) plants such as grasses, ferns, wildflowers, and other ground covers. Vegetation in the herb layer often gets little light and in forests with thick canopies, shade tolerant species are predominant in the herb layer.Shrub layer: The shrub layer is characterized by woody vegetation that grows relatively close to the ground. Bushes and brambles grow where enough light passes through the canopy to support shrub growth.Understory layer: The understory of a forest consists of immature trees and small trees that are shorter than the main canop y level of the tree. Understory trees provide shelter for a wide range of animals. When gaps form in the canopy, often times understory trees take advantage of the opening and grow to fill in the canopy.Canopy layer:à The canopy is the layer where the crowns of most of the forests trees meet and form a thick layer.Emergent layer:à Emergents are trees whose crowns emerge above the rest of the canopy. Mosaic of Habitats These different layers provide a mosaic of habitats and enable animals and wildlife to settle into various pockets of habitat within the overall structure of a forest. Different species use the various structural aspects of the forest in their own unique ways. Species might occupy overlapping layers within a forest but their use of those layers might occur at different times of the day so that they do not compete with one another. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-2648353324345240312020-05-06T21:35:00.001-07:002020-05-06T21:35:15.497-07:00Abstinence-only vs. Abstinence-plus - 1607 Words There are many problems facing teenagers these days. None are bigger than the issue of underage sex, and all the issues stemming from it. The number of teenagers becoming sexually active, pregnant, and contracting sexually transmitted diseases are rapidly on the rise. There is no simple fix, or easy solution to this problem. Sex education should begin at home, and extend to include an effective program in schools that reinforce a clear message of abstaining from sexual activity in addition to informing students of the risks posed by engaging in sexual activity. The political, and religious dissension on this issue has resulted in a procedural stalemate preventing schools from effectively addressing the problem, and implement aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬Å"The ideal of what historian Anne Higonnet calls the Romantic Child, our modern image of a naturally asexual, pure child, is at the heart of century-long conflicts over sex education. By definition, the romantic childâ â¬â¢s innocence depends on protection from sexualityâ⬠(Talk About Sex 13). Parents, in general, do not feel at ease thinking about their children having sex, nor do they want to encourage them to do so. The fact that most parents are not comfortable talking about the subject with their children only increases the importance of doing so in our schools. Opposition of the Abstinence-Plus program centers around the belief that by comprehensively informing students about sex, and responsible practices, in addition to supplying contraceptives, will send a message that not only is it okay to have sex but here have a condom to do it with. In some cases, they actually suggest the importance of telling students that condoms are ââ¬Å"ineffective and do not workââ¬Å" (Teenage Sexuality 205). Over the past few decades, several attempts have been made to ââ¬Å"scareâ⬠teenagers away from sex. ââ¬Å"In the sex-education video No Second Chance, a young man asks the teacher what if he does not to wait until marriage to have sex. She replies, ââ¬Å"Well, I guess youââ¬â¢ll just have to be prepared to dieâ⬠(Talk About Sex 117). The intended message was that condoms do not work in effectively preventing HIV. This isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Should Sex Education be Taken Out of Schools?969 Words à |à 4 Pagesschools takes two forms: Abstinence-Plus education and Abstinence-only education. The former, allows teenagers to explore not only the functions of sex and reproductive organs but also sexually transmitted diseases, abortions and information on how to use condoms and other kinds of contraception. The benefit of this program is that it encourages teenagers to practice abstinence while acknowledging the fact that most teenagers will choose to engage in sex. Abstinence-only education, however, simplyRead More Abstinence Only Sex Education Essays2119 Words à |à 9 Pagesdisparity can be attributed to factors such as income inequality, the presence of abstinence only education has a major impact on birth and STD rates in the United States in comparison to other countries with more comprehensive programs. 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TheRead MoreMethadone Maintenance3756 Words à |à 16 Pagesmethadone, buprenorphine maintenance treatment, heroin maintenance treatment, and L-a-acetylmethadol (LAAM) maintenance treatment, methadone maintenance treatment was more effective than detoxification, no treatment, buprenorphine, LAAM, and heroin plus methadone. High doses of methadone are more effective than medium and low doses (10). Patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment exhibit reductions in illicit opioid use that are directly related to methadone dose, the amount of psychosocialRead MoreQuit Smoking Case Study Essay4989 Words à |à 20 Pagesphysician for the first time, during which his prior military history came to light. The young man recalled the anxiety he experienced when he received his military orders for deployment to Iraq. Prior to the notice of deployment, he smoked cigarettes only occasionally, maybe 1 or 2 cigarettes a day. As the time for deployment approached, he started smoking more cigarettes and by the time he arrived in Iraq was up to a full pack a day. Throughout the 12-month deployment, he steadily increased his smokingRead MoreAbortion Essay1589 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe Supreme Court ruling of Roe v. Wade. Jane Roe was single, pregnant woman wanted to get an abortion by a competent, licensed physician, under safe, clinical conditions (The Ethics of Abortion 13). This was not an option for her because the only way a woman could have an abortion in Texas at that time was if giving birth to the child might in some way endanger her life. Many woman would have traveled to a state where abortions were legal but this was not an option for Roe because she didRead MoreBirth Control : A Controversial Topic Since The 1960 S1718 Words à |à 7 Pagesolder a woman is, the more likely it is for her to use female sterilization. 31 percent of women between the ages of 35-44 were using female sterilization, while only 0.7 percent of women between the ages of 15-24 used the same method. Younger women preferred oral contraceptives with 22.4 percent of women ages 15-24 using it, compared to only 8.7 percent of women ages 35-44. Women under the age of 34 were more likely to use condoms and reversible contraceptives at about 11 percent compared to olderRead MoreSmoking Cessation Of Pregnancy : Review Of Current Strategies9414 Words à |à 38 Pagespartner is ass ociated with increased chances of quitting [6]. Cigarette dependence determined by the number of cigarettes smoked per day, frequency of urges and the level of expired carbon monoxide, have been reported to be reliable predictors of abstinence, at least in the short period [5]. Low levels of stress and psychiatric comorbidities including Depression and Anxiety have been associated with increased chances of cessation [5]. Up to 12% of pregnant women have Major Depressive Disorder [12Read MoreBinge Eating Disorder ( Bed )1948 Words à |à 8 Pagesdiagnosis, EDE (Eating Disorder Esamination) was always used, and the participantsââ¬â¢ symptoms meet the ones of DSM-IV. Regarding the methods I looked just for experiment using the randomization. Finally coming to the results, I selected the articles only if they take as outcomes remission of OBEs (Objective Binge Episodes) and/or the frequency of binge eating. Unfortunately, my research were scant by the fact that it is not a common disease, which is why I could use just about 10 articles. AccordingRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder ( Bed )2041 Words à |à 9 Pagesdiagnosis, EDE (Eating Disorder Esamination) was always used, and the participantsââ¬â¢ symptoms meet the ones of DSM-IV. Regarding the methods, I considered just for experiment using the randomization. Finally coming to the results, I selected the articles only if they take as outcomes remission of OBEs (Objective Binge Episodes) and/or the frequency of binge eating. Unfortunately, my research were scant by the fact that it is not a common disease, which is why I could use just a few articles. According cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-5837759732215064332020-05-06T13:33:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:33:38.049-07:00Music and Its Effects on Behaviors in Teenagers and Young Adults Free Essays Jorja M. Rea Professor Andre Yang English 1A 25 November 2012 Music and its effects on Behaviors in Teenagers and Young Adults Picture this: A young man is arrested for murder, twisting and cursing at the police as his mother watches from the sidewalk. It is light enough out that you can see, not far from him, lays the body of a young women. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Its Effects on Behaviors in Teenagers and Young Adults or any similar topic only for you Order Now She was his girlfriend, whom he had beaten to death. This young man is just one of many young adults that are being arrested for committing vicious crimes in our society. Barongan and Nagayama Hall (1995) examined the effects of cognitive distortions in men had towards women. The men in this study viewed women in a sexually aggressive way. The menââ¬â¢s behavior was observed in a laboratory setting. Twenty-seven men listened to misogynous rap music and 27 men listened to neutral rap music. Participants then viewed neutral, sexually-violent, and assaultive film vignettes and chose the vignette that they found appealing. The results showed that ââ¬Å"participants who viewed the sexual-violent stimuli indeed felt sexually violent towards women, even having thoughts of raping and abusing womenâ⬠. That young man will spend the next 3 years of his teenage life in a jovial facility and then be relocated to prison once he turns 18. What happened that caused a young man with a 3. 0 GPA to go from good to bad? According to Ortiz (2004) it all has to do with the human brain. The human brain has been called the most complex mass in the known universe. This is a well-deserved reputation, for this organ contains billions of connections called neurons. Among its parts and governs countless actions, involuntary and voluntary, physical, mental and emotional. The largest part of the brain is the frontal lobe. A small area of the frontal lobe located behind the forehead, called the prefrontal cortex, controls the brainââ¬â¢s most advanced functions. This part often referred to as the ââ¬Å"CEOâ⬠of the body, providing humans with advanced cognition. It allows us to prioritize thoughts, imagine, think in the abstract, anticipate consequences, plan, and control impulses. Along with everything else in the body, the brain changes significantly during adolescence. In the last five years, scientists, using new technologies, such as an MRI, have discovered that adolescent brain is far less developed han previously believed. Doctors of Harvard Medical School have studied the relation between these new findings and teen behavior and concluded that adolescents often rely on emotional parts of the brain, the Amygdala, rather than the frontal lobe, ââ¬Å"one of the things that teenagers seem to do is to respond more strongly with gut response than they do with evaluating the consequences of what theyââ¬â¢re doing. â⬠Since this young man, and many countless others in his position, lacks a complete prefrontal cortex they are forced to use the Amygdala. Fight or Flight is all it tells us to do. Thus, without any clear knowledge these young people are forced to find role models who the feel ââ¬Å"get themâ⬠. They turn to music for its lyrics and beat and this is where the trouble begins. Mahiri and Conner (2003) tested whether or not it is true that our African-American youth is more violent than other nationalities and why. Is it the rap music that they may listen to? The researchers assessed the perspective on violence of 41 middle school students attending a unique school in a low-income section of a large northern California city. The researchers probed ways that these students interpreted or reflected upon rap music and hip-hop culture, particularly its representation of violence, crime, and sex. A brief questionnaire was handed out to each of these participants, which consisted of scenario questions (what would you do ifâ⬠¦). Based on the responses to the questions researchers were able to come to the conclusion that these particular students were ââ¬Å"unfortunately looking up to these negative role modelsâ⬠. The constant talk of female assault, sex, and violence was being imbedded into these childrenââ¬â¢s mindsâ⬠. And it doesnââ¬â¢t end there. Many other researchers have examined the effects of how musical genres have increased tendencies towards violet behaviors in teenagers and young adults. These studies have helped to uncover whether or not violent and aggressive music and music lyrics have had in fact, increased the rate of individuals that lash out in a violent, aggressive manne r. Although none of the researchers in this paper considered the lack of the prefrontal cortex as a results as to why these young adults are so effects by the images they see or the music they listen to, they did however find something else altogether; these studies were done to inform society on how music is affecting peopleââ¬â¢s moods. For example: Anderson et al. (2003) studied whether or not media violence influences youth. They randomly assigned youths to watch either a short violent or a short nonviolent music video and then observed how they interacted with other people after viewing the music video. After each participant watched the music video for approximately 15 minutes, both physical and verbal aggression towards others was assessed using a 10-point scale: with 1 showing nonviolent behaviors and 10 showing a lot of violent behaviors. A correlational analysis was used to see if there was a relationship between a participant watching the violent music video and acting violent, or watching the nonviolent music video and not acting violent. ââ¬Å"The results showed that exposure to media violence had a statistically significant association with aggression and violence among youthâ⬠. This research clearly demonstrates that exposure to media violence heightens the chances that a youth will behave aggressively and have aggressive thoughts in the short run. Arlin (1996) examined the ââ¬Å"influence of exposure to violent rock videos on participantsââ¬â¢ appraisals of their own aggressivenessâ⬠. Participants were preselected based on their scores on a measure of locus of control. After completing a measure of Buss and Durkeeââ¬â¢s Hostility Inventory, they were randomly assigned to view either a view or nonviolent music video. After viewing the video, participants once again completed the Hostility Inventory. The results revealed a main effect of locus of control, such that individuals with an external locus of control showed lower self-reported aggressiveness after viewing a music video than individuals with an internal locus of control. Johnson, Jackson and Gatto (1995) studied whether exposure to rap music could cause violent attitudes and delayed academic performance. Forty-six African-American males (ages 11 to 16 years) from an inner city boys club in Wilmington, North Carolina were recruited to participate in this study. Participants were randomly exposed to violent rap music videos, nonviolent rap music videos, or no music videos. They read two vignettes involving: (a) a violent act perpetrated against a man and a woman and (b) a young man who chose to engage in academic pursuits to achieve success, whereas his friend, who was unemployed, ââ¬Å"mysteriouslyâ⬠obtained extravagant items (i. e. , a nice car, nice clothes). The results showed that participants who saw the violent rap music videos reported greater acceptance of violence. In addition, ââ¬Å"participants who saw the violent rap videos reported higher probability of committing similar acts of violence and greater acceptance of the use of violence against womenâ⬠. St. Lawrence and Joyner (1991) examined the effects of sexually violent rock videos on malesââ¬â¢ acceptance or violence against women. The experimental manipulation involved exposure to sexually violent heavy-metal rock music, Christian heavy-metal rock music, or easy listening classical music. One month prior to the experimental manipulation, participants were administered several attitudinal scales about religious orientation, sex roles, rape myths, and interpersonal violence. The results indicated that ââ¬Å"males without a religious background were more accepting of sexist and rape-supportive beliefsâ⬠. The researchers also came across an unexpected finding which was greater self-reported sexual arousal in response to classical music. Kalof (1999) examined the effects of gender and music video imagery on sexual attitudes. A group of 44 U. S. college students were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups that viewed either a video portraying stereotyped sexual imagery or a video that excluded all sexual images. A two-way scale revealed that exposure to traditional sexual imagery had a significant main effect on attitudes about adversarial sexual relationships. There seems to be some confirmation of a relation between sex and exposure to conventional sexual imagery on the acceptance of interpersonal violence. â⬠Viemero and Paajanen (1992) examined whether or not viewing violent television actually does increase the aggressive behavior of those who viewed it. There were 391 eight-year old and ten-year old children participating in this study. ââ¬Å"These children were tested on their aggression, their fear fantasies, and their dream and fantasies about these showsâ⬠. Two measurements of aggression were made: peer-nominated aggression and self-related aggression. TV viewing habits were measured by the amount of TV viewed during the week. Violence was depicted by how regularly violent TV shows were watched. They found that there was significant positive correlation for boys between TV viewing variables and aggression. There was also a significant positive correlation between the amount of TV and televised violence viewing and fear and aggressive fantasies about actual shows that were seen by the children. ââ¬Å"These children seem to have been strongly impacted by the violence seen on television shows they were watching, and then acting in a more aggressive way after watching the violenceâ⬠. Now that the It seems very obvious that there is a significant relationship between listening to violent music and watching aggressive/violent music videos and one getting into more fights, using inappropriate language, inappropriate gestures, and a tendency to think less of women. All of these researchers identified in this paper studied this exact relationship and found significant results. It is apparent that there is indeed a direct correlation between violent music and peopleââ¬â¢s aggressive behaviors. An operational definition of violent behavior is physically and verbally hurrying others, cursing, stealing, inappropriate gestures and negative views of women. Whether it is the lyrics, the beat, or watching the entertainers act violently, people in general who are viewing these music videos are behaving in an inappropriate and destructive way. Listening to violent music has an effect on aggression. This information is useful for parents of young children who are growing up watching these music videos. The studies completed by the researches mentioned in this paper reveal a serious problem. Our society as a whole should consider this a severe problem, especially with all of the school bombings, the high rates of angry- gang affiliated- weapon carrying young people, and the millions of dollars being spent on this violent and degrading (mostly to women) kind of music. When angry, violent, aggressive, vulgar videos were shown, participants portrayed a massive amount of hostility; their moods were changing as the video continued as did their behavior. They also answered the scenario questions with the most violent answer chose available. The participants who viewed nonviolent videos showed amazingly different answers to the questions, the majority of them answering the questions with the nonviolent or calmer answer choses. This clearly shows evidence that allowing teenagers and young adults to watch violent music videos (like Eminem or DMX) has and will have a strong effect on violent tendencies like beating a women to death. It can also be said that the reason the results were significant in the violent groups is because of the extreme difference between the two videos. The violent videos were extremely violent showing fighting, carjacking, yelling, cursing, and hitting women. Meanwhile, the nonviolent groups watched music videos that showed people dancing on the beach and having fun. The extreme differences between the two types of videos could be the reason for the significant results obtained by the researchers. It may be wise in the future research to use videos that are not so tremendously different. Bibliography Anderson, C. A, Berkowits, L. , Donnerstein, M. , Edward, K. , Huesmann, L. , Rowell, J. , Johnson, J. , Linz, D. , Malamuth, N. , Wartella, H. 2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 81- 110. Arlin, B. , (1996). The influence of locus of control and aggressiveness of rock music on aggression. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 14, 491- 498. Barongan, C. , Nagayama Hall, G. C. (1995). The influence of misogynous rap music on sexual aggression against women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 195-207. Mahiri, J. , Conner, E. Black youth violence has a bad rap. Journal of Social Issues, 59, 121-140. Johnson, J. D, Jackson, L. A. , Gatto, L (1995). Violent attitudes and different academic aspirations: Deleterious effects of exposure to rap music. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 16 (1-2), 27-41. Kalof, L. (1999). The effects of gender and music video imagery on sexual attitudes. Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 378- 385. St. Lawrence, J. S. , Joyner, D. J.. (1991). The effect of sexually violent rock music on malesââ¬â¢ acceptance of violence against women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 49-63. Viemero, V. , Paajanen, S. (1992). The role of fantasies and dreams in the TV viewing-aggression relationship. Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 109-116. How to cite Music and Its Effects on Behaviors in Teenagers and Young Adults, Papers cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-73674892106899131012020-05-06T05:36:00.001-07:002020-05-06T05:36:22.745-07:00What Abilities Do Good Thinkers Possess free essay sample What abilities do good thinkers possess? General Psychology April 30th 2012 Good thinkers have the ability to think psychologically and enhance the ability to solve problem according to the Psychology core concepts. People with good thinking skills can identify can solve problems while considering all possibilities without leading to a conclusion. Another part of problem solving is choosing a strategy that fits the problem (Wickelgren, 1974). There are two methods for selecting a strategy which are algorithms and heuristics. Algorithms are formulas or procedures, like the ones used for math and science classes. They can help solve problems if you have all the necessary information. Some examples in the book are balancing a check book, figuring gas mileage, calculating grade point average and making a call on your cell phone. It will work because you are following a step by step procedure leading you from your problem to your solution. Certain problems that have more uncertainty and complex compartments can not be solved with algorithms. We will write a custom essay sample on What Abilities Do Good Thinkers Possess? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Heuristics are simple basic ââ¬Å"rules of thumbâ⬠that helps cut through confusion of complicated situations, they are helpful but do not guarantee a solution. Some examples from the book are ââ¬Å"donââ¬â¢t keep bananas in the refrigeratorâ⬠, ââ¬Å"If it doesnââ¬â¢t work see if itââ¬â¢s plugged inâ⬠. Heuristics require special knowledge like medical, physics or psychology training. There are three essential heuristics that are helpful to learn according to the book which are: working backward, searching for analogies and breaking a big problem into smaller problems. Having a good selection of strategies is also very important with problem solving. When you connect yourself to an ineffective strategy and stick to it you will have lot of problems. Good problem solvers have the ability to know when a new approach is needed, meaning they know when to choose an algorithm or heuristic method to solve their problem. Another important charactertics that good thinker possess in good judgment making and decision making skills. Some examples from the book are ââ¬Å"How much should I investâ⬠, ââ¬Å"What grade does this paper deserveâ⬠. All situations require judgment making without bias. The book describes 5 types of bias, which are: confirmation, hindsight, anchoring, representativeness and availability bias. Confirmation bias is when you ignore or find fault. Hindsight bias is also known as the ââ¬Å"I knew it all along effectâ⬠. Anchoring bias is a faulty heuristic caused by basing anchoring an estimate on complety irrelevant quantity. Representativeness bias is assumptions about a certain group people. Availability bias is based on information, estimates of probabilities recalled from personal experience. With the knowledge learned from the book we can all become better thinkers and learn how to effectively solve the many problems we encounter on daily basis. We can relate to the examples in the book and can find out exactly what kind of thinkers we are. References Zimbardo, Philip. Johnson, Robert. McCann, Vivian. (2009). Psychology core concepts. Boston: Pearson. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-13285711058116228482020-05-04T08:25:00.001-07:002020-05-04T08:25:03.632-07:00Law of Contract Management Question: Explain Law of Contract? Answer: Issues: The issues that arise in the present matter are underlined as under: Whether martin is under a legal obligation to pay jim the extra 20 per hour in order to keep him under employment? Whether there is any possibility on part of lee to recover the 500 from martin? Rules: The relevant legal rules that apply in this case are provided as under: A contract is said to be a valid one if there exist certain basic requirements namely offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to enter into a legal obligation etc (neyers, bronaugh and pitel, 2009). The requirement in this question is that of consideration as far as the first issue is concerned. We shall take an illustration to understand the matter in clear terms: A appoints b to clean his windows and promises that he would pay him $5 for cleaning them. The payment here qualifies to be a consideration. Now, b complains that he would not clean the windows because of a bad weather. Hence, a promises that he would pay him $2 extra if he does that, to which b agrees. After the completion of the cleaning, b demands his payment of $7 but a pays him only $5 and claims that that was the agreement. In this illustration, only the first contract exists as the second promise was not qualifying to be a valid consideration because b was already obliged to do his cleaning task. Hence, the second contract does not exist. In the case of dick bentley productions limited v harold smith (motors) limited (dick bentley productions limited v harold smith (motors) limited, [1965]), it was ruled by lord denning that the requirement under consideration states that the recipient of the promise on the first go cannot envisage any other contract to override his obligation under the present contract. Any such increase in consideration amounts to qualify as a contract entered into under coercion and thus becomes void (hillman, 1997). Further, in the case of carlyle v royal bank of scotland (carlyle v royal bank of scotland, [2013]), it has been ruled by lord neuberger that a consideration in case of a continuing contract remains valid till the entire length of the contract and any revisions to the same cannot be entertained in it at any point of time (hillman, 1997). We shall now move to our discussion on the legal points concerned with the second issue which is a matter of part payment of debts. It is a general rule in law that if a person owes a sum of money to another person and he agrees to pay a part of this debt as a full settlement to realize his debt, then, as per the pinnels case (pinnel's case, [1602]), the rule at common law provides that such a part- payment of a debt does not evade the penalty that arises at a later stage (richards, 2006). In this case, it was held by the lordships that generally a part payment of a debt does not qualify to evade the liabilities of the whole debt. However, three exceptional circumstances were provided which qualified the requirement that a part payment can be considered as a full settlement (morgan, 2012). These situations are: When the part payment is made on an earlier date than the date on which it is due (like it happened in the case itself) and the creditor earns a benefit out of it; When a chattel is paid instead of money which may prove to be more beneficial than the money itself; When the payments in part are paid in a different place from that originally specified. Also, in the case of ferguson v davies (ferguson v davies, [1996]), it was provided by the court that when the part payments are realized by the creditors as a settlement in full, then, such requirement of part payment qualifies to settle the entire debt (morgan, 2012). Application: We shall now apply the above discussed legal rules in the present case. As far as the first issue with jim is concerned, it is very clear from the basic factual backdrop that martin and jim had entered into a valid contract with the terms specifically maintained. Jim had undertaken to lay the bricks and martin had promised to pay him $30/hour for the task. This happens to be a binding contract and both the parties are under an obligation to fulfill their respective parts. If jim at a later point of time threatens to breach his obligation in lieu of extra payment, then, that happens to be an invalid contract and it cannot be enforced. He is already bound by the first contract and he has to finish his work on time by the initial agreed consideration amount. Thus, the promise made by martin to pay him extra $20/hour does not amount to be an enforceable option and hence cannot be evoked. Applying the similar legal points in the second issue with lee, we can say that it should also be decided on similar grounds. But certain points of fact which are worth noting here are that owing to the recession that the nation was struck in along with the early payment made by martin qualifies to be a settlement of debts. In fact lee himself makes the offer that the loan that is due in march if paid in january shall entitle him to a discount of $500. Martin simply agreed to this term and hence if we apply the ratio of pinnel in the present matter, the entire loan was settled as and when the amount of $1500 was repaid in january for the benefit of both the parties. Thus, lee cannot compel martin to pay him anything now once the loan has settled. Conclusion: The problem given in the situation can be concluded on the following two propositions: That martin is under no legal obligation to pay jim the extra $20 per hour to keep him bound under employment. Rather jim is obligated to fulfill his promise under the previous contract of $30 per hour; That there is no possibility on part of lee to recover the $500 from martin as he has himself agreed to the early settlement in full of the loan. References Carlyle v royal bank of scotland[2013]csih p.75. Dick bentley productions limited v harold smith (motors) limited[1965]wlr 1, p.623. Ferguson v davies[1996]bplr p.535. Hillman, r. (1997).The richness of contract law. Dordrecht: kluwer academic publishers. Morgan, j. (2012).Great debates in contract law. Basingstoke: palgrave macmillan. Neyers, j., bronaugh, r. And pitel, s. (2009).Exploring contract law. Oxford: hart pub. Pinnel's case[1602]co rep 5 (court of appeal), p.117. Richards, p. (2006).Law of contract. Harlow, england: pearson longman. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-47098405210207706772020-04-14T21:55:00.001-07:002020-04-14T21:55:04.491-07:00App Essay Topics That You Should ConsiderApp Essay Topics That You Should ConsiderThere are many different App essay topics that you can choose from. It is important to know the types of topics you should be writing about in order to get your essay to the level you desire it to be.One of the most popular app essay topics is the photo essay. This type of essay will show how a person has learned to use technology to their advantage. For example, how they have taken a new skill and applied it to everyday life or how they have used social media to help their business. This is a great opportunity for you to show off your new skill and ability to use technology.A second popular app essay topic is a game review. By reviewing a game, you can show how the game was used, how much it sucked, and how much it sucked the least. This will give you insight into what people like or do not like about a particular game. This is a great way to demonstrate how you truly think about a game.The best way to research the other common app essay topi cs is to ask other students. You may want to write up a list of the topics you would like to see examined. Do not be afraid to give all the different topics that you can think of a try.Once you have a list of app essay topics, you need to look online to find the original sources of these essays. You may have already tried to research each topic in the course of writing the essay, but it is still important to remember that it is still in your best interest to check to make sure that the sources have not been 'manipulated'. A way to do this is to take a look at the original essay, making sure that all of the relevant information is included.After you have checked the original sources, you will then want to compare your comparison with the original version. You can use the comparison point that you found in your research as a reference. Since you will be doing this twice, you will want to make sure that the comparison you used is your own.After you have compared your essay with the ori ginal sources, you should then go through the essay once more. This time, you should find a topic that you have not included. Check to make sure that the topic that you did not include is still valid.As you can see, there are many different app essay topics that you can choose from. It is important to understand the types of topics you should be writing about in order to get your essay to the level you desire it to be. Researching your potential topics is an important part of writing an App essay and being able to determine which topics to use will ensure that your App essay is an amazing project. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-90312764089585192842020-03-28T20:14:00.001-07:002020-03-28T20:14:02.779-07:00A Journey Though The Golden Gates Of Promise Essays - A Journey Though the "Golden Gates" of Promise Great controversy exists over the true promises of the "Golden Gates" in the United States. Discrimination occurs with different ethnic groups, but for those immigrants permitted into the country, the opportunities are excellent. The laws and practices established to control immigration into the United States limit the amount of poverty that can be present in the country. Without these important practices and laws created by the United States Congress, "cheap" labor would overpower American citizen labor and lead the country to an economic and social catastrophe. Although the United States is often criticized for its establishment of immigration laws and practices during 1865 and 1930, these actions are very fair. It seems that the people of China have received a lot amount of discrimination as they try to venture into the promise lands of the United States. Early discrimination of the Chinese is revealed when considering early laws and practices of the United States towards immigration. Not only did Congress pass laws and restrictions against Chinese but the attitudes of citizens towards the Chinese often led to uproars and bitterness towards the immigrants arriving from China. In the 1850's, the California legislature passed a series of anti-Chinese restrictions. These restrictions forbade Chinese Americans to enroll their children in public schools, to marry whites, or to testify against whites in the court of law. Some particular court cases display the effects of this law. A very upsetting California court case decision in the 1850's for the Chinese people is called People vs. Hall. In August of 1853, George W. Hall, his brother, and their friend assaulted a Chinese miner in Nevada County. When Ling Sing, the Chinese man's cousin, came to help him, Hall shot and killed Ling Sing. During the original trial, Hall was found guilty of murder charges and sentenced to death. Hall appealed the decision to the California Supreme Court and he was acquitted because no white witnesses to the murder were available. This reasoning is supported by the California State Civil Practice Act (under Section 394) that says no black, mulatto, or Indian can give testimony aga inst white defendants in criminal cases. The controversy over this case occurs not just because of the obvious discrimination but because Chinese are not specifically referred to in the act and it is assumed that Indians and Asians belong to the same ethnic group. Basically anyone who was not considered white was looked down upon by the American white population. The word 'white' has a distinct signification, which ex vi termini, excludes black, yellow, and all other colors, (Beesley 123). Chief Justice Hugh C. Murray, felt that the line had to be drawn, further states, the same rule that would admit them to testify, would admit them to all the equal rights of citizenship, and we might soon see them at the polls, in the jury box, upon the bench, and in our legislative halls, (Beesley 123). The ruling of the Hall court case led to many violent uproars among white American citizens and Chinese immigrants. Another action taken to try and get rid of the Chinese immigrants was the Califo rnia Miner's Tax of 1855. Its sole purpose was to drive Chinese immigrants out of the mining business by taxing foreign miners every month. Many Chinese spoke out about these practices. "When your honorable government threw open the territory of California, the people of other lands were welcomed here to search for gold and to engage in trade. The ship-masters of your respected nation came over to our country, lauded the equality of your laws, extolled the beauty of your manners and customs, and made it known that your officers and people were extremely cordial toward the Chinese.... we trusted in your sincerity....But alas! what times are these!...when former kind rela-tions are forgotten, when we Chinese are viewed like thieves and enemies..." (Pun 589). These awful laws and practices towards Chinese immigration led to many violent events. In 1871, a mob of whites invaded a Chinese neighborhood in Los Angles and killed 21 residents. A similar event occurred in 1876 that became know as the Truckee Raid. During this incident, whites torched a Chinese home and shot its cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-81517537066984845952020-03-07T05:07:00.001-08:002020-03-07T05:07:02.776-08:00Listeria monocytogenes essaysListeria monocytogenes essays Listeria Monocytogenes is an acid tolerant, psychrotolerant, facultative anaerobic and salt tolerant bacterium. It is a short, gram positive, non-spore forming rod that is catalase positive. It is found widely in soil and water, and virtually no fresh food is safe from L.monocytogenes contamination. Fresh food can become contaminated at any stage during food growth or processing. Thus, meat, dairy products and fresh produce can become contaminated with this pathogen. L.monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen. It enters the body through the gastrointestinal tract after ingestion of contaminated food. In the early and mid 1980s large outbreaks of L.monocytogenes occurred in both pregnant women and people who where immunocompromised. The first outbreak that demonstrated indirect transmission from an animal reservoir was reported from the Atlantic maritime provinces of Canada, in this outbreak L.monocytogenes contaminated sheep manure used to fertilize cabbages, which where placed in cold storage over the winter. Active surveillance in the USA suggests an annual incidence of 0.7 cases per 1000,000 approximately 1700 cases of listerosis occur annually in the USA with a mortality rate of 40%. Two-thirds of cases of listerosis in adults occur in people who have immunocompromised immunity. L.monocytogenes is mainly cell-mediated via TH1 cells. Individuals having weaker cellular immunity including the elderly, neonates, patients undergoing immunosuppressive drug treatment or those who have immunosuppressive diseases such As AIDS, have increased susceptibility to listerosis. Alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis also contribute to the risk of infection. Acute listerosis is quite rare. The acute disease is usually characterized by bacteriama and meningitis and has a mortality rate of approximately 20%. Although there are about 2500 cases of acute listerosis each year, about 500 cases e ... cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-33255627433189829462020-02-19T20:31:00.001-08:002020-02-19T20:31:02.794-08:00Christian Expression Vocation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3Christian Expression Vocation - Essay Example Third, Christian vocation may connote gifts and leadership in readiness for lasting service. In view of this, Cooling (19-31) indicates an individual is self-conscious of his or her own gifts and capacities and to exhibit a fairly focused sagacity of the manner in which God wants these qualities to be employed to the advantage and betterment of the general world. Abraham is one of Godââ¬â¢s servants who exercised utmost faith in the Creator by following all the commands of God. After the death of his father, Abram was instructed by God to abandon his homeland for another place where He would direct him (Eslinger 189-193). The faithful took his household of three including his wife Sara and Lot and followed Godââ¬â¢s commands to what is today Israel-Palestine land. Despite the fortunes in the rich land, Abraham never built a home in this new environment but led a nomadic life, moving from one place to another to earn a living. The immense faith demonstrated by Abraham led him into securing his descendents the rich land. Additionally, God altered his name from Abram to Abraham and his wifes from Sara to Sarah. This is a clear manifestation of the strong faith he had in God. Few would agree to change their name in favour of a new beginning. According to Eslinger (192-207), God tempted Abrahams faith in Him by instructing him to offer his only son, Isaac for sacrifice. This event was imperative on two grounds: if the Isaac was sacrificed Abram would not have any heir to take over the land that God had assured Abraham. If Abraham successfully offered his son to God as sacrifice, he must have had faith in the coming back to life of the departed. Once God witnessed the seriousness of Abraham, in regarding the sacrifice of his son, He set forth and offered him a ram instead, to offer in the occasion. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-51491702930808168432020-02-04T12:35:00.001-08:002020-02-04T12:35:03.737-08:00Marketing communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsMarketing communication - Essay Example â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...4 Market Shareâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.5 Target Marketâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..5 Positioningâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.6 Review and Analy sis of the Communication Mixâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.6 Advertisingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦6 Sales Promotionâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦8 Sponsorshipâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.8 Direct Marketingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â ¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦9 Personal Sellingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..9 Public Relationsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦10 Recommendation... Adidas and Nike are some of the vibrant brands that provide the sports clothing and foot ware in the United Kingdom (Roberts, 2001, pp. 170-172). These two major companies majorly use the retailers to be able to reach the vast market of United Kingdom. The retailers are widely spread out in all major and small towns and cities within UK and this provides a wider access to the market (Netherlands. Economische Voorlichtingsdienst. Bibliotheeken Documentatiecentrum, 1987, p. 35) Nike and Adidas have used several marketing tools to reach the market. There are several PESTEL factors that affect these tools, e.g., the environmental factors which determine the competition from the other brands and economic factors such as the decreasing inflation rates which determine the prices of the products and affect the marketing budget. Public relations are used as the companies cannot survive in isolation. These products are introduced to the public through the constant interaction with the customer s by the employees and different stake holders. Direct marketing is employed as the company needs to know and get feedback and responses from the consumers through e-mails and online buying concerning their feeling concerning the products. Sales promotion is another marketing tool that is used in rewarding the consumers. This creates an incentive for consumers to buy. This is done through the coupons, samples, free trials and illustrations. Advertising is used and it is more effective when done through the audio visual. Report Title: Date To: From: 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background. Nike and Adidas are the major brands in the United Kingdom sporting and footwear industry. These major brands have been able to take up other cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-84052363523503198832020-01-27T08:59:00.001-08:002020-01-27T08:59:03.336-08:00Relationship Between Self-confidence and Sports PerformanceRelationship Between Self-confidence and Sports Performance Self-confidence is probably the most regularly reported psychological elements considered to have an effect on athletic performance. For instance, as observed by Arkes and Garske (1982), researchers have well-known that the separating elementbetween high and low accomplishment motivation is self-confidence. Athletes who are self-confident and expecting to do well are generally the same athletes who do win. Self-confidence has been operationalized in numerous different ways.These include the constructs of self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977, 1997), sport confidence (Vealey, 1986), perceived capability (Harter, 1982; Nicholls, 1984), outcome expectancies (Rotter, 1954), and movement confidence (Griffin Keogh, 1982). Anacknowledged description is the one proposed by Feltz (1988) who shows that self-confidence should be considered as: ââ¬Å" the confidence that one can efficiently perform anexact natural process rather than a global trait that accounts for overall performance optimism. For in stance, one may experience a high point of self-confidence in oneââ¬â¢s driving skill in golf only a low level of self-confidence in puttingâ⬠. Self-confidence, as operationalized by Feltz, is essentially the same as self-efficacy, a construct defined by Bandura (1977). The theory of self-efficacy, which was originated within the structure of a social cognitive theory, has been one of the most widely used theoretical basic for assessing self-confidence in sport and exercise. Self-efficacy was originally projected as an account of the sort of interference procedures utilized in the discussion of anxiety, and has been employed in sport to explain the intervention of achievement behaviors. Granting to the theory, self-efficacy is determined as the cognitions that symbolize the sentences or beliefs that one can successfully accomplish a specific action to create a certain outcome rather than a global threat that account for overall performance optimism (Bandura, 1997). Self-effi cacy is not concerned with the skills of an individual, merely with the assessment of what he or she can get along with her/his expertise (Feltz, 1992; McAuley, 1992). In really simple conditions, self-efficacy represents a variety of situation specific self-confidence (Vealey, 1986). For instance, an individual may feel very positive in her/his ability to perform on the volleyball court, but be totally intimidated at the idea of public speech production. Peopleââ¬â¢s opinion of their personal capabilities has been evinced to be an important determinant of choice of activity, how much effort is expended in those activities, persistence in the face of aversive stimuli, thought forms, and emotional reactions (Bandura, 1977, 1986, 1997). When confronted with stressful stimuli, low-efficacious individuals tend to break up, assign the failure internally, and have greater anxiety or depression (Bandura, 1982). Judgment of self-efficacy is based on four major sources of information: Past performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, persuasion, and physiological states (Bandura, 1977). Performance accomplishments are the most reliable and influential sources of efficacy information since they are founded on authentic mastery experiences. This notion is reflected in the hypothesis that mastery attempts that are perceived as a success will facilitate efficacy expectations, whereas attempts perceived as failures will result in lowered efficacy. Once strong feelings of self-efficacy develop through repeated successes, occasional failures will be of little effects.The influence that performance experiences have on self-efficacy depends on the perceived difficulty of the project, the attemptfinished, the quantity of physical leadership received, and the sequential patterns of achievement and disappointment (Bandura, 1986).Successes with difficult projects, tasks tried individually, and task s achieved early in understanding with only unexpecteddisappointment will increase self-efficacy more compared to easy tasks, tasks carried out with external aid, or projects in which repeated failures are seen early in the learning process. Vicarious experiences are sources of efficacy data derived through observing or imagining others engaging in the job to be done.Seeing similar others perform successfully can raise efficacy expectations, especially when the individual perceives similarities with the model in terms of capabilities or personal characteristics (Gould Weiss, 1981; McAuley, 1985). Persuasion is widely used by teachers and coaches in order to motivate people to think that they possess capabilities that will enable them to reach their goal (Gould, Hodge, Peterson, Giannini, 1989). Examples are verbal persuasion, self-talk, imagery, and other cognitive strategies. These techniques are effective when the heightened appraisal is within realistic bounds. Furthermore, persuasion determine by the believability, reputation, reliability, and knowledge of the inducer.Ultimately, oneââ¬â¢s physiological state can provide efficacy information through cognitive evaluation of the arousal states. When an increase in arousal is interpreted as an inability to hold away the tasks successfully, efficacy expectations will fall. However, when the individual interprets arousal as being psyched up and quick to perform, efficacy expectations will increase (Bandura, 1986). When discussing efficacy expectations, it is significant to differentiate between personal efficacy and response-outcome expectations (Bandura, 1997).Self-efficacy is a mind of oneââ¬â¢s ability to perform at a certain stage, whereas outcome expectancy pertains to oneââ¬â¢s judgement that certain behaviors will lead to desired results.For example, one may think that running a marathon in less than two hours will guide to social appreciation, cash, and self-satisfaction (outcome belief), but may uncertainty whether he can actually run that fast (efficacy belief).Bandura (1986) argues that self-efficacy beliefs predict performance better than expected results. Competitive State Anxiety Competitive sport anxiety is very usual in young athletes (Wilson, 2008). Anxiety is a pessimistic reaction that happens when individuals doubt their ability to cope with the situation that causes stress (Humara, 1999). Anxiety can delay an athleteââ¬â¢s ability to completely or normally react. According to Wilson (2008), increased pressure and stress can build up intoanxiety and affect a childââ¬â¢s manners and performance in a sport. Research has identified several possible causes of competitive anxiety. Anshel andDelany (2001) evaluated youth sports competitors, male and female, where the participants evaluated a list of potential origins of intense stress and anxiousness. The results indicated that the intense pressure of the sport, over competitiveness, and negative response increased stress for both males and females (Anshel Delany, 2001). A similar study by Peden (2007) explained that when a player becomes more and more uneasy in some positions due to the surroundings, negative automatic thoughts become more numerous and more negative, which can dominate thinking, wipe out confidence, and harm performance. There is a huge deal of learned inquiry into figuring out approaches that can be used for handling performance anxiety in athletes (Humara, 1999). Specific ways such as relaxation, cognitive restructuring, (Humara, 1999), and positive self-talk method (Peden, 2007) will be discussed in the Implications sections of this study. Multidimensional Anxiety Theory Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, and Smith (1990) produced the Multidimensional Anxiety Theory (MAT), which concentratesspecifically on competitive sport anxiety. This particular theory expresses that competitive anxiety is consists of two anxiety state components: cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety.Cognitive state anxiety is set like a fleeting condition of anxiety that contains of worry or an individualââ¬â¢s negative belief or worries about performance, as well as concentrationtrouble and lack of assiduity.Somatic state anxiety can be defined as a fleeting condition of anxiety that contains psychological response symptoms that pass in the soul.Symptoms of somatic state anxiety include extreme sweating, increased heart rate, wobbly, or tension (Martens et al., 1990). According to Martens and researchers (1990), somatic state anxiety may be categorized out as a vulgar reaction to opposition and can result in absolutely no needed problems to perform.However, a growth in cognitive state anxiety in an athlete can make awareness and concentration dysfunction and a mental growth process of worry and self-doubt.An absence of awareness and focus while taking part in sports can harmfully have an effect on entire performance. Possiblesituations of cognitive state anxiety are negative verbal feedback, insufficient of preparedness for competition, a bad attitude or mindset towards a past poor performance, or negative prospective of other individuals for example team members, family members, and coaches (Marten et al., 1990). Anxiety negatively affects an individualââ¬â¢s psychological and physical capabilities to accomplish (Hardy, 1996).A negative effect of competitive sport anxiety is distress (Selye, 1987).Distress happens when an individual is actually up against objectives that may happen in an improvement process of demand, and needs coping management, and reoccurring issue or difficulty with young athletes because of their lack of abilities, several overall performance mistakes, or failure to create away with tense circumstances (Peden, 2007). As an effect of enduring competitive anxiety resulting in burnout and other mental and physiological problems, drawback from the sport can become a standard escape for young and adolescents. Multidimensional Anxiety Theory shows that in relation to performance, cognitive anxiety knowledgeable within an individual will illustrate a negative linear relationship and somatic anxiety will prove and inverted ââ¬ËUââ¬â¢ relationship (Martens et al., 1990).The inverted ââ¬ËUââ¬â¢ relationship describes that in an individualââ¬â¢s somatic state, procedure should be bad at very low levels of somatic state anxiety, maximum at an advanced level of somatic state anxiety, and then become more and more worse as somatic anxiety increases past the optimal level (Perreault Marisi, 1997). The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) is a study based on the Multidimensional Anxiety Theory build to measure competitive state anxiety (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, and Smith, 1990).The CSAI-2 investigates the present state of competitive anxiety of an athlete by calculating current anxiety states of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence in athletes just before to competition (Martens et al., 1990).The CSAI-2 offered as the major instrumentation used for this questions. Past research are delivered to check out the estimations of the Multidimensional Anxiety Theory applying the CSAI-2 in addition to several revised types of the instrument.Chamberlain and Hale (2007) examined relationships between the amount as well as directional areas of competitive sport anxiety. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2D (direction) was useful to assess the state anxiety intensity and direction of 12 experienced, basic male golfers starting in age from 20-22 years.The CSAI-2D is equal to the initial CSAI-2 apart from the seven-level degree which usually assess path.In parliamentary law to appraise both the negative linear and inverted ââ¬ËUââ¬â¢ relationship described in the Multidimensional Anxiety Theory, anxiety and performance rating from similar positioning duties carried out under three different anxiety-manipulated competitive conditions were utilized.Solutions suggested that cognitive anxiety intensity proven a poor linear relationship with performan ce and somatic anxiety intensity displaying a curvilinear relationship with performance.Multiple regression examinessuggested that course, which paid for 42% of the deviation, was an even better predictor of overall performance than intensity, which accounted for only 22% of the deviation. Findings decided with the original MAT hypothesis (Chamberlain Hale, 2007). The modified inventory contained of the three pre-existing subscales of the CSAI-2 (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence) but as an alternative of 9 items per scale it comprises of five items per subscale, ensuing in a 15-item scale.Researchers finished a confirmatory aspectevaluation of the CSAI-2C to assess the level to which the three-dimension model of competitive anxiety composed from the Multidimensional Anxiety Theory backed with regards to other designs (Stadulis et al., 2002).After evaluating 632 children ages 8-12 years old, internal consistency coefficients (i.e., Cronbachââ¬â¢s Alpha) for the three subscales were: Cognitive anxiety state, à ±=.75; Somatic anxiety state, à ± =.78; and state self-confidence, à ± =.73. The entiretool internals consistency deducted in a value in.96 (Stadulis et al., 2002). Summary of the Chapter Professional football players as we know are elite football players that involves in a high level of sport competition. Sports offer players with organizations and programs from which they can help through skill development and enhanced self-confidence. Unfortunately, some professional players experience competitive sport anxiety, which can negatively affect their performance. Competitive sport anxiety can make athletes to lose focus, worry, and become anxious towards competition. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-confidence and competitive sport anxiety on Johor professional football players. This research can be helpful to coaches and officers of the professional football teams because it can detect the level of anxiety among players and if it related to self-confidence. The information may support coaches and officers of the professional football teams to take precautions such as modifying training programs and techniques, or coaching education on ways to help lower or prevent sport performance anxiety in professional football players. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-60635751475035890422020-01-19T05:22:00.001-08:002020-01-19T05:22:04.327-08:00Nursing PracticeMy nursing practice has been characterized by a marked transition from the general wards to the intensive care unit. Nevertheless, my values have remained intact. Initially, I must admit, I believed that patients had no role in determining the medication or intervention they receive. However, since I came to know about it, in a nursing class, the value of decision-making independence has guided my practice. I learnt the value in class, thus, my definition of the term is influenced by Fahrenwald et al., who defined decision-making autonomy as the act of allowing patients to make their own decisions regarding diagnosis and treatments, albeit after receiving all relevant information (2005). The value of decision-making autonomy and working with patients under intensive care have shaped my understanding of person-centered care and its relevance to nursing, as a profession and a practice. In the ICU, it is easy to view the person as just a patient. However, I have deliberately chosen to consider them people who are just momentarily inconvenienced by illness. As a nurse, I am in agreement with Ross, Tod, & Clarke's (2015) observation that the definition and use of person-centered care has been fluid and varies in distinct research, guidance, policy and daily practice. Still, I concur with the definition offered by the American Geriatrics Society; eliciting individuals' preferences and values and, once expressed, letting them guide all healthcare aspects, and supporting their practical life and health goals (2015). However, I find an earlier definition by McCormack, Dewing, & Breslin (2010) quite relevant to practice. They define person-centered care as an approach to nursing practice that is created by forming and fostering therapeutic relationships between patients, care providers and other people who are significant to the patients' lives. Drawing from the two definitions, I believe person-centered care is viewing patients as persons with social networks and accomodating their beliefs and values in the provision of care, while developing relationships that enable the attainment of healthcare as well as life goals. In adherence to the value of decision-making autonomy, I always communicate to patients their diagnosis and suggested interventions. To attain the goals associated with the value, one needs excellent communication and people skills, which is one of my strengths in practice. More specifically, I have demonstrated empathy, which is a person-centered communication skill. In the course of my practice, I try to comprehend and share into the perspectives, current situation and feelings of the persons under my care. That creates a bond of trust, social support and mutual understanding. The informed patients then get to decide whether they agree with the diagnosis, and whether they are willing to receive the suggested interventions. In case of the ICU, I consult with the patients' families and let them make the decisions. Human dignity is another value that has influenced most of my decisions in my professional and personal life. As a nurse, I believe it is important to respect all individuals, including the patients, their families and the entire society. In line with the value of human dignity, I respect patients' belief systems and consider their natural human values during my interactions with them and their families. However, at times, it is difficult to know some patients' beliefs, especially in the ICU. Although it is possible to get information about patient beliefs from their families and close friends, I consider it my duty to ensure that the informants do not pass out their own belief systems as the patients'. Trustworthiness and honesty are important strengths that have enabled me uphold human dignity in my practice. Without being trustworthy, patients and their families would not reveal their secrets to me. Many a times, the secrets are critical to the formulation of interventions. Human dignity also dictates that I protect patients' confidentiality during clinical interactions. For instance, I always ensure that I cover all exposed body parts of patients. What's more, I demonstrate my respect for human dignity through respectful communication with patients' families and keeping their secrets confidential. Respecting human dignity calls for mindfulness, which is another person-centred communication skill I believe I possess. Hafskjold et al., (2015) define mindfulness as the art of drawing unique variations by being present in interactions. By being mindful, I am able to observe the happenings and act according to what I notice. Research shows that mindfulness by nurses leads to more satisfied patients (Ross, Tod, & Clarke, 2015). My practice has also been guided by altruism. My own conceptualization of altruism is in line with the definition of the term offered by Shahriari et al., (2013); focusing on patients as human beings, while striving to promote their health and welfare. In nursing practice, the ICU is ostensibly the most tasking department to work in. It requires working without losing concentration, whether one is on a day shift or night shift. I have often found myself standing next to patients' beds throughout the night just to make sure they are fine. Despite the tough requirements, I believe I have exhibited devotion and selflessness the entire time I have attended to patients in the ICU, and even before. Undeniably, sometimes I have felt exhausted by the demands of the job, but my altruistic tendencies have always reminded me that nursing is not just a job, but a calling that requires me to give my all towards the healthcare and welfare of others. To reflect on my professional practice, I use two different strategies; the Gibbs model and John's reflective framework. The Gibbs (1988) Model has six stages; description of event, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action. On its part, John's framework has three important elements; bringing the mind home, experience description and reflection (Palmer, Burns, ; Bulman, 1994).Part 2 Wanda formulated a reflection model that requires students to follow a five-step process during reflective practice, also known as the 5Ds structured reflection model (2016). The 5Ds stand for Doubts/differences, Disclosure, Dissection, Discover and Decision. The learner reflects on whether s/he has any doubts in his/her practice, or whether there are any differences between what s/he did in a clinical setting and what is found in literature. Disclosure entails writing about the experiences or situation on the topic discussed in the doubts section, while the dissection section considers why it happened and the impact. Discover involves finding additional information from relevant literature and the decision part describes a future plan.5Ds model of structured reflection (Wanda, 2016) The Rolfe model enables students to reflect on their experiences based on three questions; what, so what and now what (Rolfe, Freshwater, ; Jasper, 2001). The first question allows students and nurses to describe the situation, while the second question gives students room to discuss what they learnt, while the answers to the last question identify what the person should do to develop learning and improve future outcomes. The 5Ds Structured reflection The two models have various similarities and differences. For starters, the two reflective models allow students to explore their experiences while being guided by something. However, in the Rolfe model, students are guided by the questions, while in Wanda model (2016); students are guided by the 5Ds expressed earlier. A key strength of the 5Ds reflection model is that it focuses on the student as an individual (Wanda, 2016). Consequently, it enables students to decide what they need to learn more about, which makes them more self-directed in their learning. Secondly, it has a positive impact on students' ability to self-evaluate during clinical practice (Wanda, 2016). When used by students, it improves their ability to assess their own performance in clinical practice.Despite the apparent strengths, the model also has some limitations. To begin with, the effectiveness of the model can be restricted by students' characteristics (Wanda, 2016). For instance, the less motivated students are not suited to the reflective model. As a result, the model is not an effective learning tool for all students. What's more, the use of the 5D model requires consistent supervision, which is sometimes not possible because faculty members might have workloads that limit their time (Sicora, 2017).Grant, McKimm, & Murphy (2017) posit that the analysis part of the Rolfe et al. framework considers not just the technical-rational knowledge but also other forms of knowledge that might inform the comprehension of a particular situation. This is one of the strengths of the reflective model since it allows learners explore all knowledge points. However, it runs the risk of leading to superficial reflections (Sicora, 2017). At times, the students might just result to answering the three questions in short answers. That would not help in yielding a comprehensive reflection that would help them learning about their achievements and shortcomings that can help improve their practice. At a personal level, I prefer the 5Ds model. My preference for the model is informed by my desire to identify my doubts in practice as well as the tasks I perform in a way that is different from dictates of literature. That would help me refine my skills and procedures in practice, while making me a more confident practitioner, particularly in the ICU. BibliographyFahrenwald, N., Bassett, S., Tschetter, L., Carson, P., White, L., & Winterboer, V. (2005). Teaching core nursing values. Journal of professional nursing , 46-51.Gibbs, G. (1988).Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford: Oxford Polytechnic.Grant, A., McKimm, J., & Murphy, F. (2017).Developing Reflective Practice: A Guide for Medical Students, Doctors and Teachers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Hafskjold, L., Sundler, A. J., Holmstrà ¶m, I. K., Sundling, V., Dulmen, S. v., & Eide, H. (2015).A cross-sectional study on person-centred communication in the care of older people: the COMHOME study protocol. BMJOpen , 1-10.McCormack, B., Dewing, J., & Breslin, L. (2010).Developing person-centred practice: nursing outcomes arising from changes to the care environment in residential settings for older people. International Journal of Older People Nursing , 93-107.Palmer, A., Burns, S., & Bulman, C. (1994).Reflective practice in nursing. Oxford: Blackwel l Scientific Publications.Rolfe, G., Freshwater, D., & Jasper, M. (2001). Framework for Reflective Practice. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave.Ross, H., Tod, A., & Clarke, A. (2015).Understanding and achieving person-centred care: the nurse perspective. Journal of Clinical Nursing , 9-10.Shahriari, M., Mohammadi, E., Abbaszadeh, A., & Bahrami, M. (2013).Nursing ethical values and definitions: A literature review. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research , 1-8.Sicora, A. (2017). Reflective Practice. London, United Kingdom: Policy Press.Smith, K. (2016).Reflection and person-centredness in practice development. International Practice Development Journal , 1-6.The American Geriatrics Society . (2015).Person?Centered Care: A Definition and Essential Elements. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 15-18.Wanda, D. (2016). The development of a clinical reflective practice model for paediatric nursing specialist students in Indonesia using an action research approach. Open Pu blication of UTS Scholars , 1-288.Wanda, D., Fowler, C., & Wilson, V. (2016).Using flash cards to engage Indonesian nursing students in reflection on their practice. Nurse Education Today , 132-137. cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-74382122559078158202020-01-11T01:46:00.001-08:002020-01-11T01:46:03.993-08:00Human recourses professional map (HRPM) EssayBriefly summarise the HRPM (i.e. the 2 core professional areas, the remaining professional areas, the bands and the behaviours) comment on the activities and knowledge specified within any 1 professional area, at either band 1 or band 2, identifying those you consider most essential to your own (or other identified) HR role Human recourses professional map (HRPM) The CIPD in HRPM In general sets out how HR adds value to the organization. It describes standards of professional competence for organization. Each and every HR practitioner must know their organization inside out and truly understand it. Also they have to know the main ways in HR expertise and set the behavioural skills. This allows us to then turn the knowledge into action. The two core areas of HRPM apply to all professionals. Insight Strategy and Solutions explains how to develop actionable insights and solution, which are adjusted to a deep understanding of business. Using personal experience I will develop understanding of the organization and its context. To achieve this I will have to do series tasks, which include tasks like using relevant information and articles to build and widen understanding of new initiative and practices and generalist areas of Human Recourses. To spot potential opportunities and risks for organization I will collect, collate and analyse data in one of the professional area I am interested in -Performance and reward (Band One) I would analyse data and performance and reward information on individuals or groups and advise colleagues to aid decision-making. I will collect all information and feed in ideas and observation from reward functional and performance surveys to my colleagues and others to influence policy, process and decisions. Also I would have to provide all the relevant information, data (analysis and insights from reward data to support development of reward plans and strategy) Help employees understand their role in change, the reasons for it and the results that are expected by Providing data and analysis regarding market positioning. Support the delivery and evaluation of planned one-off and on going people programmes and projects. Keep records of identified risks and plans to mitigate against them Collect,à collate and analyse project metrics, data and report back on key Promote the value of diversity and inclusion in all activities Support employees and managers to apply people policies consistently and fairly. Provide accurate and timely information, data and advice to managers and employees on oganisationââ¬â¢s people policies and procedures and employment law Recognise team and organisational culture and its impact on activity To develop understanding of the organization and its context organisational purpose, key products/services and customers Relevant press relating to the organisation Basic financial and non-financial performance information on the performance of the organisation The sector context in which the organisation operates; legal and market factors that impact performance. Significant issues within the organisationââ¬â¢s environment which impact you and others around you, for example economic, social, political, environmental conditions Diversity and inclusion initiatives and activities within your area The way the organisation, and/or functions à and teams are structured and managed The governance and decision-making processes guiding how you deliver A sense of how things really work in the organisation and the barriers to change The capability and skills that are needed within the organisation How the 10 professional areas in this Map combine together to create an overall human resources offering to the organisation Knows or can access relevant law, in relevant local and international jurisdiction Where to access external information on HR or specialist area good practice and thought leadership. Project management principles and practices How a strategy and in-year operating plan relate Group and individual responses to change. How to collect and provide information required to support business cases and monitor budgets Leading HR is important for professionals even if they are not in leading role as is important that they grow and develop in this area which provide active, insight- led leadership. They can do that by driving themselves, others and activity in organization. The other eight segments identify the activities and knowledge that are required to provide specialist support. *Organizational design ensures that the organization is well design to deliver its objectives and that structural change is effectively managed. *Resources and Talent Planning is making sure that organization identify and attract key people who are able to create competitive advantages. *Performance and Reward builds a high- performance culture by delivering programmes that recognise and reward critical skills, capabilities, experience and performance. Ensures reward system are equitable ( fair) and cost effective. *Employee Relations ensures that the relationship between an organization and its staff is manage appropri ately within clear frame work and that relevant employment law, policies, procedures, communications, negotiations and consultations are followed. *Organizational Development isà making sure that the work force deliver strategic ambition. Ensures that an organization culture value, environmental support enhance its performance and adaptability *Learning and Talent Development ensures people at all levels posses and develop skills, knowledge and experiences to fulfil organizational ambitions. *Employee engagement ensures that all aspects of employment experience, the emotional connections, that employees have with their work, colleagues and organization is positive and understood. *Service and Delivery Information ensures that the delivery of HR services and information to leaders and employees within organization is accurate, timely and cost effective. HR data manage professionally The CIPD in HRPM model out eight behaviours which describe how work activities should be carried out. They are: Collaborative (people skills), Courage to Challenge (Confidence to speak out), Driven to Deliver (Deliver best results), Role Model (Lea ds by example), Curious (Future focused, open minded), Decisive Thinker (Decision maker), Skilled Influencer (Demonstrates ability to influence), Personally Credible (Deliver Professionalism) cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-65355492911554411452020-01-02T22:08:00.001-08:002020-01-02T22:08:03.096-08:00Goal Setting Theory Of Motivation Essay - 877 Words Essay question: It is often claimed that goal-setting is a theory of motivation which works. Critically evaluate the evidence and discuss the extent to which it supports this claim. Introduction As element that drives the person to strive for the best within his or her own capacity, Guay et al. (2010) defined motivation as reasons that underlie behaviour. It is also interpreted by Huitt, W. (2011) cited Kleinginna and Kleinginna (1981) as an internal state or condition (sometimes described as a need, desire, or want) that serves to activate or energize behaviour and give it direction. With that resonance, it is construed that Theory of Motivation is the conceptual representation that is applicable across many domains of behaviour and provides insights into why behaviour is initiated, maintained, directed and so forth, as per suggested by Graham and Weiner (1996). Under the umbrella of motivation theories, goal-setting is one of theory which lives up to its expectation. Locke and Latham (2006) suggested that goal-setting theory is a concept comprising the effectiveness of specific, difficult goals as well as generality of goal effects across people, tasks, countries, time spans and many more. It is interesting to fathom the validity of claim that goal-setting is effective and mostly engender positive results regardless of the different sources that are involved (Locke and Latham, 2006). Although goals are helmed as ââ¬Å"key element in self-regulationâ⬠(p. 265), will theShow MoreRelatedGoal-Setting Theory of Motivation2104 Words à |à 9 PagesJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND ADMINISTRATION VOLUME 15, NUMBER 1, 2011 Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation Fred C. Lunenburg Sam Houston State University ABSTRACT Locke and Latham provide a well-developed goal-setting theory of motivation. The theory emphasizes the important relationship between goals and performance. Research supports predictions that the most effective performance seems to result when goals are specific and challenging, when they are used to evaluate performance and linkedRead MoreThe Goal Setting Theory Of Motivation1818 Words à |à 8 PagesLocke put forth the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory states that goal setting is fundamentally linked to task performance. It standardizes the idea that specific and challenging goals along with constructive feedback, contribute to enhanced task performance. Locke, one of the most notable contributors in goal setting theory, alongside Gary Latham have contributed to the history and evolution of goal setting while highlighting strengths and weaknesses of the theory in practice used byRead MoreMotivation Theory And The Goal Setting Theory1159 Words à |à 5 Pages Essay 1 Content theories of motivation focus on the importance of work itself, challenges, growth opportunities and responsibilities that the work provides employees. Process theories of motivation focus on the cognitive processes that are part of employeeââ¬â¢s decision making. It also deals with our thoughts and perceptions about our jobs. The decisions are made based on calculations of gains versus loses. Also, when it comes to process theories of motivation, how the work situation is perceivedRead MoreThe Goal Setting Theory for Employee Motivation1302 Words à |à 6 PagesGoal setting theory can help motivate employees to do their job as managers can relate to Professor Edwin Locke goal theory. The underlying concept behind this theory is the belief that peopleââ¬â¢s goals play a vital part in deciding their behavior. People drive to satisfy these goals to help their emotions and desires. Goals guide peopleââ¬â¢s responses and actions. Goals command employee performance an d actions and this can call for action or feedback. The effort that individuals will exert in attemptingRead MoreGoal Setting Theory: Motivation, Stress, and Communication1278 Words à |à 5 PagesMotivation, Stress, and Communication Motivation, Stress, and Communication Introduction Goal-setting has progressively become a prominent tool of performance utilized by individuals and business organizations. Companies attain their success by setting long and short-term targets which provide them with direction in productive channels economically. Some of the common attributed elements in goal setting include: sales, services, products, and customer relations in general. The setting of goalsRead MoreCompare and Contrast Expectancy and Goal Setting Theories of Work Motivation. Which Do You Find the More Useful and Why?1384 Words à |à 6 Pagescontrast expectancy and goal setting theories of work motivation. Which do you find the more useful and why? Two of the best known approaches to work motivation are the expectancy theory introduced by Victor Vroom (1964) and the goal-setting theory introduced by Edwin A. Locke (1968). Both of these theories have garnered support from subsequent empirical research and have proved influential in how companies motivate their workers through incentive schemes and objective-setting exercises. As theirRead MoreBackground Of Id Medical Group1389 Words à |à 6 Pagesbrand, motivation and engagement. The wellbeing is bound up flexibility, work-life balance, motivation, job-satisfaction and human research management. For this reason, the rank of giving something back and wellbeing is very high in 100 companies (high level means not good at about a topic). The two category have included a joint topic which is motivation. The company is not good at about motivation. Therefore, the company is not good financially. 3.0 Motivation and Theories 3.1 Motivation For motivationRead MoreHow Managers Motivate Employees And Helping Managers Keep Their Employees Motivation High Essay1492 Words à |à 6 PagesMotivation in the workplace has been a frequently discussed subject for at least a century. Whether an employee is doing paperwork behind a desk, helping to put together a car on a conveyor belt, or trying to make a sale, motivation is essential in their job. The reason behind this is simple enough- the more motivated an employee is the more work they tend to get done. However, it can be a struggle for managers to keep their workers motivated. This struggle has led to the development of numerousRead MoreEssay on Reinforcement Versus Goal Theory724 Words à |à 3 PagesReinforcement versus Goal Theory Lorraine Patterson OMM 625 Learning Organizations amp; Effectiveness Professor Renee Hill January 30, 2012 According to Edwin Locke the goal setting theory is a tool used for motivation. The theory states that goal setting is linked to task performance. The goal states ââ¬Å"specifically challenging employees while using feedback will contribute to a higher and better performance while completing a task.â⬠(Pane, S) The idea of workingRead MoreEssay on Insight on the Motivation of Workers596 Words à |à 3 PagesMotivation has always been a subject of much research over the last fifty years however there have been many definitions and theories describing and analysing motivation but the research is never complete. Right from Robert Owen who described human beings to be like machines that need care and maintenance to work efficiently till Drucker (1999) who described them as the knowledge workers of the 21st century with different needs and therefore on what it is required I would like to elaborate on the cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-22166415591491033612019-12-25T18:34:00.001-08:002019-12-25T18:34:04.177-08:00Energy Resources Renewable And Non Renewable Ones One of the most important innovations ever made by humankind was a discovery of the ability to transform the energy into the electricity. In todayââ¬â¢s modern world it is hard to imagine that there was a world without the electricity and that electricity was gifted to the humanity just 400 years ago. As George Gobel said once: ââ¬Å"If it werenââ¬â¢t for electricity, weââ¬â¢d all be watching television by candlelightâ⬠. Electricity is the gift granted to humans and it is our generationââ¬â¢s duty to use the electricity energy smartly and pass it to future generations. For being able to do so we should cooperate and find ways to save the energy. There are two types of the energy resources: renewable and non-renewable ones. While exhaustible sources of the energy are limited, there are also unlimited sources granted to us by nature. Also according to Chicago Tribune, renewable energy is one of the most important strategies to combat carbon pollution because, unlike n atural gas, it emits no global warming emissions (Chicago Tribune, 2012). I would like to give an information about some unlimited energy sources and methods which in my mind are the most beneficial for producing the electricity. First energy source I would like to discuss is the solar energy. Solar energy generating method is a method of converting sunlight directly to the electricity through the system of panels or mirrors. When sunlight warms heat absorbing panels, they produce steam, which isShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Hydro Quebec And The Largest Electricity Company1630 Words à |à 7 Pages What is Hydro-Quebec? Hydro-Quebec is the biggest electricity company in Quebec, it is one of the biggest electricity company in North America and it is one of the leading companies of hydropower in the world. Hydropower is one of sustainable energy resources and it plays a very important role to protect our environment.The company was founded in April 14, 1994. After more than seventy yearsââ¬â¢ development, about 99 percent of electricity that Hydro-Quebec generated is by Hydropower. Hydro-Quebecââ¬â¢sRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources For Fossil Fuels1240 Words à |à 5 PagesWe live in a world where we have to rely on resources such as fossil fuels in order to provide us energy. Almost everything we use nowadays consumes power in some form, and in tandem we rely on energy. 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These energy resources include energies such as hydroelectric energy, solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy. The major advantage of using these resources is that the environmental impact is extremely low when compared to the use of fossil fuels and other energy processes. One of the most used renewable energy sources is hydroelectric power. When you look at all the environmental impacts of dams, etc.,Read MoreIs Renewable Energy The Solution For Our Energy Problems?1453 Words à |à 6 PagesIs renewable energy the solution to our energy problems? Energy that can be re-used or re-grown in a shorter period of time than, for example, a fossil fuel, is the simplest way of defining renewable energy. It is considered very eco-friendly as energy from resources such as oceans, the sun and the wind contribute very little to pollution overall when producing energy. The energy problem which we are faced with today is critical and governments, scientists and environmentalist continue to searchRead MoreRenewable Energy Resources928 Words à |à 4 Pagesfact that 86% of our energy comes from nonrenewable, polluting, costly fossil fuels and only 14% is renewable is diabolical. Why must we harm our environment to contribute to our energy production when renewable energy sources are so abundantly present so that we may be symbiotic with nature? To lessen our environmental impact and be able to avoid the high expenses of non-renewable fossil fuels in the near future it should be obvious that we start to use more renewable energy sources than we do nonrenewable cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-70692807532349940132019-12-17T14:24:00.001-08:002019-12-17T14:24:03.696-08:00Lsi Paper - 1065 Words Week 1: Introducing Organizational Behavior and Individual Differences - LSI LSI Assignment Guidelines Developing a willingness and ability to engage in self-reflection is a critical leadership skill that is not easily learned yet which reaps many rewards. The LSI enables you to examine your own unique way of thinking and how it influences your behavior. Your Assignment: Complete (on your own) the LSI according to the procedure outlined here, so that you end up with your Life Styles Circumplex profile: 12 personal thinking style scores, one score for each section of the circumplex. Write a 3ââ¬â5 page paper examining and explaining your LSI results. There are more details in the table below. LSI Style Interpretations: Go toâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦For example, if you would like to learn more about the Humanistic-Encouraging style (Style 1), you simply click on the circumplex slice for that style. The same goes for the other 11 styles.You can find the Challenge of Change and the Self-Improvement Plan information by using two of the additional links that become available in you LSI online account after the survey is complete. These links are The Challenge of Change and Your Self-Improvement Plan. Good luck with the exercise! | LSI Grading Rubric: WRITTEN LSI PAPER RUBRIC Criteria | Failed to Meet Minimum Standards | Met Minimum Standards (60% = 72 pts) D | Satisfactory (70% = 84 pts) C | Good (80 % = 96 pts) B | Superior (90% = 108 pts) A | Part I: Personal Thinking Styles (25 Points) | Results not apparent 0 | Mentions style names; does not describe; does not evaluate 17.0 | Defines styles; reflects barely adequate information to acquaint the reader with the style s application 19.5 | Contains a focus and provides sufficient detail to set the stage for the analysis but may not support evaluative statements 22.0 | Defines styles; validates results; supports impressions; complete information 25.0 | Part II: Impact On Management Style (35 Points) | No managerial impact apparent 0 | Gives examples of behaviors, but does not relate them to the managment functions or the personal styles 21.5 | Mentions the management functions with examples or relates to theShow MoreRelatedLsi Paper761 Words à |à 4 PagesMy result Life Styles Inventory (LSI) paper September 9, 2013 The life Styles Inventory (LSI) is developed by Dr. J. Clayton Lafferty. LSI are measures 12 specific styles of patterns of thinking that can either help or hinder a person from reaching his or her potential. The 12 styles measures by LSI are organized into three general clusters: Constructive, Passive/Defensive, Aggressive/Defensive. Research has shown that the styles measures by the LSI are related to a number of indicators of effectivenessRead MoreLsi Paper1622 Words à |à 7 PagesLSI PAPER Richard Timian Leadership and Organizational Behavior Friday, September 14, 2007 Introduction The Life Styles Inventory (LSI) is a self-assessment diagnostic instrument that measures 12 key thinking patterns, or styles. The LSI promotes performance change and improvement by increasing personal understanding of ones thinking and behavior. By responding to these 240 inventory items, individuals learn exactly where they need to focus their development efforts, without ambiguityRead MoreLsi Paper1518 Words à |à 7 PagesLSI Paper Taking the Life Styles Inventory (LSI) survey has really made me realized and confirm many things or styles that I ve already knew about myself. On the Life Styles Inventory survey, I scored very high on the Perfectionist, Conventional, Power and Competitive styles of life. I strongly agree with this. I ve always went about things with those things in mind. I can honestly say that for every decision I made will take those styles into consideration. At work as well as inRead MoreLsi Paper1808 Words à |à 8 PagesLife Styles Inventory Paper Title Page MGMT591: Leadership and Organizational Behavior Student: Rodney Belk Dr. Kimberly Hunley May 15, 2016 After taking the lifestyles inventory interpretation test my primary and secondary personal thinking styles are more apparent to me. I have scored the highest in percentile of Oppositional and Power styles and very closely followed by perfectionist and competitive styles. My percentile scores in these areasRead MoreLsi Paper1570 Words à |à 7 PagesStyle Inventory (LSI) assessment measures 12 styles of thinking. By studying results on these 12 styles of thinking one can determine leadership effectiveness of an individual. I took this assessment and will be discussing various topics about my assessment including personal thinking styles, impact on management style and genesis of personal styles. PERSONAL THINKING STYLES Primary and Back-Up Styles My primary style or the style with the highest percentile as shown by the LSI assessment is oppositionalRead MoreSample Lsi Paper1438 Words à |à 6 PagesLife Styles Inventory ââ¬â Personal Results Please note this paper is not perfect. It is provided as a sample to help you get started. Please not there are a number of grammar, APA and editing errors in this paper. It remains your responsibility to ensure your paper does not contain these errors. Student Sample Jere Ferguson GM591 XXX, XX , 2009 Life Styles Inventory ââ¬â Personal Results Introduction Brian was mildly trepid about viewing the results of the Life Styles InventoryRead MoreLsi Life Styles Inventory Paper1768 Words à |à 8 PagesGM 591 Yvonne Hobbs LSI Paper The life styles inventory is a survey of questions that help us to gain an insight into our own personality and what type of behaviors we exert to others as individuals. It helps us to look at the positive and negative qualities of our personalities and ways to improve upon them. A look at my LSI styles complex radiates that my primary thinking style is linked to the avoidance category. The avoidance scale states that I tend to use the strategy of withdrawalRead MoreMGMT 591 LSI paper1947 Words à |à 8 PagesStyles Inventory (LSI) is a survey that ââ¬Å"measures 12 specific styles of patterns of thinking that can either help or hinder a person from reaching his or her potentialâ⬠(Human Synergistics). Human behavior is a perplex issue and is most often influenced by culture, religion, education, value systems, ethnic and other factors. Individuals often know what drives there particular styles but unless studied they may not know what their strengths and weaknesses actuall y are. The LSI survey identifiesRead MoreWhat Is Three Clustering Algorithms That Be Used That Are Used?876 Words à |à 4 PagesIn this section three clustering algorithms which are used in this paper as baseline are briefly described. They are: Bisecting K-means, LSI and PLSI based clustering. 3.1 Bisecting K-means The Bisecting K-means is based on K-means and can be run quickly for a big volume of data that have large dimensions. Thus it is appropriate for text clustering (Steinbach et al., 2000). At the beginning, all of the documents are in one partition. Then the following procedure will be repeated K 1 times to obtainRead MoreMgmt 591 - Life Styles Inventory Assignment930 Words à |à 4 Pagesransomtj@verizon.net MGMT591 ââ¬â Leadership and Organizational Behavior Brett Gordon November 11, 2012 This paper discusses the content Life Styles Inventory (LSI) results for Traya Ransom. It identifies her primary, backup, and limiting thinking styles, the impact her personal styles have on her management style, and it also explains how she developed the personal styles that were reveled in her LSI. The LSI results are shown on page 5. Primary, Backup and Limiting Styles Trayaââ¬â¢s primary style is Achievement cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6919314050566237432.post-45334107226486303692019-12-09T11:07:00.001-08:002019-12-09T11:07:02.867-08:00Camera and Computer Arts Graphic Design Essay Example For Students Camera and Computer Arts Graphic Design Essay During those same years, another technology that could record and play back images in motion was made available to the general public, and it quickly became ore popular With artist than film had ever been. That technology was video. Chapter 10 Signs and Symbols Symbols convey information or embody ideas. Some are so common that we find it difficult to believe that they didnt always exist. 9. ) Beirut Traffic 2007 by Michael Spar http://videotape. Net/home/Artists 10. ) Using video in my art class using clay figures. What I think about Advance and the last supper painting as far as symbols and signs being in the painting. Essay on Video, Signs and Symbols Michael Spar born on March 19, 1973 in Bern, Switzerland is a very creative artist whom specializes in video art, The art form of video art has not really been around that long it was first introduced in the gs and ass and has evolved with technology, Mr.. Spar is really great with creativity and grew very fond of video art and has produced many works using this new form of art. Leonardo Advance is one of the most famous artists of all time born in Vinci, Italy April IS, 1452 he has created some of the most famous paintings ever. Advance is considered to be a genius in many circles, he was way more than just an artist, but his artwork is genuinely astounding. These two artists have very little in common when it moms to the way they produced their art work but they do have a very strong sense of creativity and a way with symbols and messaging. The artwork Of Michael Spar is probably Very different than What many people are accustomed too. He produced an audio visual performance of Some Trouble in Paris that is supposed to represent a mishap Of the building Of the Eiffel Tower. A lot of Mr.. Spears art does tend to have some kind of message within the work Of it. Most is left up to the individual to figure out What kind Of message is being portrayed. It is not always easy to figure out either because video art is so efferent but there is something about it that it will capture your mind and have your mind trying to scramble to figure out what is going on. Mr.. Spar still to this day does performances for the back drops in plays and concerts and even has exhibitions at many art galleries. Video art is incredible and something that will keep advancing as far as technology Will take it. The Last Suppose is probably one of the most famous paintings you will ever see next to the Mona Lisa and both were created by Leonardo Advance. The Last Supper has so many questions surrounding it that people have been talking about this painting for many years. There are various signs and symbols in this painting but nobody is sure what they really meant. The food that Advance chose to paint does not correspond with what the Evangelists described is one mystery. Another symbol could be the salt shaker that was fallen over. Traditionally a fallen salt shaker is a sign of bad luck. The salt shaker was tipped over in front of Judas which instead could be a sign of mischief. He could have been chosen to play the role of traitor. Judas is also the only one with an empty plate and maybe that could be a sign he is full of mischief, Another strange sign is the fish at the able. Jesus spent most tot his elite around Lake Tibias and that he selected his Apostles among local fisherman. .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e , .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e .postImageUrl , .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e , .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e:hover , .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e:visited , .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e:active { border:0!important; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e:active , .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1bfa78a144841afb8c9683da3f535c7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: [pic] EssayThe fish seems to he eel and herring and eel in Italian is raring which means indoctrination. Herring in Northern Italy means arena, meaning he who denies religion, There are 50 many mysteries to this painting that people till this day are still trying to figure out the symbols that Advance tried to present in his painting. Mr.. Spar uses a little bit different form of signs and symbols in his art work of Beirut Traffic but he did capture both art concepts He was able to literally use signs and video to convey a message. Sing video can be a little more helpful when trying to understand a message but not always. Most Of the time it may depend on the artist, becau se the artist may not always want observers to exactly understand What message is trying to be seen Then there are times that the artist may not even be trying to send a message at all but observers become so intrigued and mystified that they have to figure out What does this piece Of art work really mean. The only experience I can remember where I used video art would be in an art class took in high school. The art teacher had us make some clay figurines and we would snap pictures and then adjust the figures and snap another picture. When we were done we would then put all the pictures onto the computer and create a motion video of all the stills. Then from there we would add sound to the video creating video art. I know now after researching that there is various forms of video art but this is my personal experience with this art form. I honestly had no clue that it was called this until I learned it compiling this essay but really enjoyed that class and maybe should pursue more creative art in that area. Symbols and signs have used a lot in doing tattoos for people, A lot of people like to get things that have meaning to them and sometimes other people have no clue as to what they mean, More like sub lamina messaging is what believe would consider it to be. There are also times where adjust things that already exist to where they will fit the individual am doing the work for Sometimes in my own personal drawings I will use symbols to represent ideas or other objects that chose maybe to disguise or hide, Advance and Mr.. Spar are two very creative artist who have in my opinion two very different styles of art. Even though, their art styles are very different their creativity is matched by no other. Advance has created art work that will never be forgotten no matter how Old they get, you can practically walk into almost any store and find some kind of item depicting the Last Supper or the Mona Lisa. The way that Mr.. Spar produces his art work by video Will more than likely last forever the way technology is going. This essay was a great experience for me; believe it or not did not know Advance painted the Last Supper. I did know he painted the Mona Lisa and am amazed to learn that he had painted the Last Supper cugidviedu1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/02606746780539438623noreply@blogger.com0